<> Tomorrow's food holidays(s):
* 'National Vichyssoise Day'. . A chilled soup. Made with potatoes, cream,
chicken stock, leeks, and onions.
- From Wikipedia (Vichyssoise):
'Vichyssoise is a thick soup made of puréed leeks, onions, potatoes, cream,
and chicken stock. It is traditionally served cold but can be eaten hot.
The origins of Vichyssoise are a subject of debate among culinary
historians Julia Child calls it an American invention, whereas others
observe that the origin of the soup is questionable in whether it's
genuinely French or an American creation
Louis Diat, a French chef at the Ritz-Carlton in New York City, is most
often credited with its (re)invention. In 1950, Diat told New Yorker
magazine:
In the summer of 1917, when I had been at the Ritz seven years, I reflected
upon the potato and leek soup of my childhood which my mother and
grandmother used to make. I recalled how during the summer my older brother
and I used to cool it off by pouring in cold milk and how delicious it was.
I resolved to make something of the sort for the patrons of the Ritz.
The same article explains that the soup was first titled Crème Vichyssoise
Glacée. Then, after the restaurant's menu changed from French to English in
1930, Cream Vichyssoise Glacée. Diat named it after Vichy, a town not far
from his home town of Montmarault, France.
Earlier, French chef Jules Gouffé created a recipe for a hot potato and
leek soup, publishing a version in Royal Cookery (1869)'.
[The Hankster says] Good stuff. I'll have mine with some Ritz crackers, please. My only problem is that the soup keeps falling off the cracker when I lift it to my mouth. I wonder if they make a Ritz scoop shape.
<> Other holidays / celebrations
* 'Mickey Mouse Day'.
His first cartoon 'Steamboat Willie' in 1928. See more in the history
section.
[The Hankster says] I wonder if Minnie is giving him another watch for his birthday.
* 'Occult Day'.
By definition: supernatural, mystical, or magical beliefs.
[The Hankster says] Can't find a creator for this day. Perhaps it is documented in some ancient, dusty, leather-bound book in a medieval castle somewhere that Google hasn't scanned yet, but keep a look out. Keep your head up and listen for strange background music and blurt visions. Be prepared to stand back if anyone's head starts spinning.
* 'William Tell Day'.
Celebration of the famed 1307 crossbow and apple incident. See more in the
history section.
* 'Push-button Phone Day'.
First Push-button or Touch-Tone phone, in 1963. See more in the history
section.
<> Awareness / Observances:
o Health
* 'European Antibiotic Awareness Day'. In the European Union.
- From Wikipedia (Antimicrobial resistance):
'Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the ability of a microbe to resist the
effects of medication previously used to treat them. This broader term also
covers antibiotic resistance, which applies to bacteria and antibiotics.
Resistance arises through one of three ways: natural resistance in certain
types of bacteria genetic mutation or by one species acquiring resistance
from another. Resistance can appear spontaneously because of random
mutations or more commonly following gradual buildup over time, and because
of misuse of antibiotics or antimicrobials. Resistant microbes are
increasingly difficult to treat, requiring alternative medications or
higher doses—which may be more costly or more toxic. Microbes resistant to
multiple antimicrobials are called multidrug resistant (MDR) or sometimes
superbugs. Antimicrobial resistance is on the rise with millions of deaths
every year. A few infections are now completely untreatable because of
resistance. All classes of microbes develop resistance (fungi, antifungal
resistance viruses, antiviral resistance protozoa, antiprotozoal resistance
bacteria, antibiotic resistance).
Antibiotics should only be used when needed as prescribed by health
professionals. The prescriber should closely adhere to the five rights of
drug administration: the right patient, the right drug, the right dose, the
right route, and the right time. Narrow-spectrum antibiotics are preferred
over broad-spectrum antibiotics when possible, as effectively and
accurately targeting specific organisms is less likely to cause resistance.
Cultures should be taken before treatment when indicated and treatment
potentially changed based on the susceptibility report. For people who take
these medications at home, education about proper use is essential. Health
care providers can minimize spread of resistant infections by use of proper
sanitation: including handwashing and disinfecting between patients and
should encourage the same of the patient, visitors, and family members.
Rising drug resistance can be attributed to three causes use of
antibiotics: in the human population in the animal population and spread of
resistant strains between human or non-human sources. Antibiotics increase
selective pressure in bacterial populations, causing vulnerable bacteria to
die—this increases the percentage of resistant bacteria which continue
growing. With resistance to antibiotics becoming more common there is
greater need for alternative treatments. Calls for new antibiotic therapies
have been issued, but new drug-development is becoming rarer. There are
multiple national and international monitoring programs for drug-resistant
threats. Examples of drug-resistant bacteria included in this program are:
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant S.
aureus (VRSA), extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL),
vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), multidrug-resistant A. baumannii
(MRAB).
A World Health Organization (WHO) report released April 2014 stated, this
serious threat is no longer a prediction for the future, it is happening
right now in every region of the world and has the potential to affect
anyone, of any age, in any country. Antibiotic resistance—when bacteria
change so antibiotics no longer work in people who need them to treat
infections—is now a major threat to public health. Increasing public calls
for global collective action to address the threat include proposals for
international treaties on antimicrobial resistance. Worldwide antibiotic
resistance is not fully mapped, but poorer countries with weak healthcare
systems are more affected. According to the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention: Each year in the United States, at least 2 million people
become infected with bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics and at
least 23,000 people die each year as a direct result of these infections'.
<> Historical events on November 18
* 'In 1307, By legend, William Tell shoots an apple off his son's head. .
- From Wikipedia: 'William Tell (in the four languages of Switzerland:
German: Wilhelm Tell French: Guillaume Tell Italian: Guglielmo Tell
Romansh: Guglielm Tell Portuguese: Guilherme Tell) is a folk hero of
Switzerland. His legend is recorded in a late 15th-century Swiss
illustrated chronicle. It is set in the time of the original foundation of
the Old Swiss Confederacy in the early 14th century. According to the
legend, Tell—an expert marksman with the crossbow—assassinated Gessler, a
tyrannical reeve of Habsburg Austria positioned in Altdorf, Uri.
Along with Arnold von Winkelried, Tell is a central figure in Swiss
patriotism as it was constructed during the Restoration of the Confederacy
after the Napoleonic era.
Several accounts of the Tell legend exist. The earliest sources give an
account of the apple shot, Tell's escape, and the ensuing rebellion. The
assassination of Gessler is not mentioned in the Tellenlied but is already
present in the White Book of Sarnen account.
The legend as told by Tschudi (ca. 1570) essentially follows the account in
the White Book, but adds further detail, such as Tell's given name Wilhelm,
his being from Bürglen, and the precise date of the apple-shot of 18
November 1307.
William Tell was known as a strong man, a mountain climber, and an expert
shot with the crossbow. In his time, the Habsburg emperors of Austria were
seeking to dominate Uri, and Tell became one of the conspirators of Werner
Stauffacher, vowing to resist Habsburg rule. Gessler, the newly appointed
Austrian Vogt of Altdorf, raised a pole under the village lindentree, hung
his hat on top of it, and demanded that all the townsfolk bow before the
hat.
On 18 November 1307, Tell visited Altdorf with his young son and passed by
the hat, publicly refusing to bow to it, and was arrested.
Gessler—intrigued by Tell's famed marksmanship but resentful of his
defiance—devised a cruel punishment. Tell and his son were to be executed.
However, he could redeem his life by shooting an apple off of his son,
Robert's head in a single attempt. Tell split the apple with a bolt from
his crossbow.
Gessler then noticed that Tell had removed two crossbow bolts from his
quiver. Before releasing him, he asked why. Tell was reluctant to answer,
but after Gessler promised he would not kill him, he replied that if he had
killed his son, he would have killed Gessler with the second bolt. Gessler
was furious and ordered Tell to be bound, saying that he had promised to
spare his life, but instead would imprison him for the remainder of his
life.
Tell was brought to Gessler's boat to be taken to the dungeon in the castle
at Küssnacht. A storm broke on Lake Lucerne, and the guards were afraid
that their boat would sink. They begged Gessler to remove Tell's shackles
so he could take the helm and save them. Gessler gave in and Tell leapt
from the boat at the rocky site, already known in the White Book as the
Tellsplatte (Tell's slab). Since the 16th century the site has been marked
by a memorial chapel. The Hohle Gasse between Immensee and Küssnacht.
Tell ran cross-country to Küssnacht. As Gessler arrived, Tell assassinated
him with the second crossbow bolt along a stretch of the road cut through
the rock between Immensee and Küssnacht, now known as the Hohle Gasse.
Tell's blow for liberty sparked a rebellion in which he played a leading
part, leading to the formation of the Old Swiss Confederacy.
According to Tschudi, Tell fought again against Austria in the 1315 Battle
of Morgarten. Tschudi also has an account of Tell's death in 1354,
according to which he was killed trying to save a child from drowning in
the Schächenbach river in Uri'.
* 'In 1883, Railroads create the first time zones. .
- From Wikipedia: 'A time zone is a region of the globe that observes a
uniform standard time for legal, commercial, and social purposes. Time
zones tend to follow the boundaries of countries and their subdivisions
because it is convenient for areas in close commercial or other
communication to keep the same time.
Most of the time zones on land are offset from Coordinated Universal Time
(UTC) by a whole number of hours (UTC-12 to UTC+14), but a few zones are
offset by 30 or 45 minutes (for example Newfoundland Standard Time is
UTC-03:30, Nepal Standard Time is UTC+05:45, and Indian Standard Time is
UTC+05:30). Some higher latitude and temperate zone countries use daylight
saving time for part of the year, typically by adjusting local clock time
by an hour. Many land time zones are skewed toward the west of the
corresponding nautical time zones. This also creates a permanent daylight
saving time effect.
Before clocks were first invented, it was common practice to mark the time
of day with apparent solar time (also called true solar time) – for
example, the time on a sundial – which was typically different for every
settlement.
When well-regulated mechanical clocks became widespread in the early 19th
century, each city began to use some local mean solar time. Apparent and
mean solar time can differ by up to around 15 minutes (as described by the
equation of time) because of the non-circular shape of the Earth's orbit
around the sun (Eccentricity) and the tilt of the Earth's axis (Obliquity).
Mean solar time has days of equal length, and the difference between the
two averages to zero after a year.
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) was established in 1675 when the Royal
Observatory was built as an aid to mariners to determine longitude at sea,
providing a standard reference time when each city in England kept a
different local time.
Local solar time became increasingly awkward as rail transport and
telecommunications improved, because clocks differed between places by an
amount corresponding to the difference in their geographical longitude,
which varied by four minutes of time for every degree of longitude. For
example, Bristol is about 2.5 degrees west of Greenwich (East London), so
when it is solar noon in Bristol, it is about 10 minutes past solar noon in
London. The use of time zones accumulates these differences into longer
units, usually hours, so that nearby locales can share a common standard
for timekeeping.
The first adoption of a standard time was on December 1, 1847, in Great
Britain by railway companies using GMT kept by portable chronometers. The
first of these companies to adopt standard time was the Great Western
Railway (GWR) in November 1840. This quickly became known as Railway Time.
About August 23, 1852, time signals were first transmitted by telegraph
from the Royal Observatory, Greenwich. Even though 98% of Great Britain's
public clocks were using GMT by 1855, it was not made Britain's legal time
until August 2, 1880. Some old British clocks from this period have two
minute hands—one for the local time, one for GMT.
The improvement in worldwide communication further increased the need for
interacting parties to communicate mutually comprehensible time references
to one another. The problem of differing local times could be solved across
larger areas by synchronizing clocks worldwide, but in many places that
adopted time would then differ markedly from the solar time to which people
were accustomed.
On November 2, 1868, the then-British colony of New Zealand officially
adopted a standard time to be observed throughout the colony, and was
perhaps the first country to do so. It was based on the longitude 172°30'
East of Greenwich, that is 11 hours 30 minutes ahead of GMT. This standard
was known as New Zealand Mean Time.
Timekeeping on the American railroads in the mid-19th century was somewhat
confused. Each railroad used its own standard time, usually based on the
local time of its headquarters or most important terminus, and the
railroad's train schedules were published using its own time. Some
junctions served by several railroads had a clock for each railroad, each
showing a different time.
Charles F. Dowd proposed a system of one-hour standard time zones for
American railroads about 1863, although he published nothing on the matter
at that time and did not consult railroad officials until 1869. In 1870 he
proposed four ideal time zones (having north–south borders), the first
centered on Washington, D.C., but by 1872 the first was centered on the
meridian 75° W of Greenwich, with geographic borders (for example, sections
of the Appalachian Mountains). Dowd's system was never accepted by American
railroads. Instead, U.S. and Canadian railroads implemented a version
proposed by William F. Allen, the editor of the Traveler's Official Railway
Guide. The borders of its time zones ran through railroad stations, often
in major cities. For example, the border between its Eastern and Central
time zones ran through Detroit, Buffalo, Pittsburgh, Atlanta, and
Charleston. It was inaugurated on Sunday, November 18, 1883, also called
The Day of Two Noons, when each railroad station clock was reset as
standard-time noon was reached within each time zone. The zones were named
Intercolonial, Eastern, Central, Mountain, and Pacific. Within a year 85%
of all cities with populations over 10,000, about 200 cities, were using
standard time. A notable exception was Detroit (which is about halfway
between the meridians of eastern time and central time), which kept local
time until 1900, then tried Central Standard Time, local mean time, and
Eastern Standard Time before a May 1915 ordinance settled on EST and was
ratified by popular vote in August 1916. The confusion of times came to an
end when Standard zone time was formally adopted by the U.S. Congress in
the Standard Time Act of March 19, 1918'.
* 'In 1916, During WW I, General Douglas Haig finally calls off 1st Battle
of the Somme. There were over 1 million casualties: 794,248 for the British
and French Empires, and 537,918 for Germany.
- From Wikipedia: 'The Battle of the Somme (French: Bataille de la Somme,
German: Schlacht an der Somme), also known as the Somme Offensive, was a
battle of the First World War fought by the armies of the British and
French empires against the German Empire. It took place between 1 July and
18 November 1916 on both sides of the River Somme in France. It was one of
the largest battles of World War I, in which more than 1,000,000 men were
wounded or killed, making it one of the bloodiest battles in human
history'. .
- From Wikipedia: 'The Battle of the Somme (French: Bataille de la Somme,
German: Schlacht an der Somme), also known as the Somme Offensive, was a
battle of the First World War fought by the armies of the British and
French empires against the German Empire. It took place between 1 July and
18 November 1916 on both sides of the upper reaches of the River Somme in
France. The battle was intended to hasten a victory for the Allies and was
the largest battle of the First World War on the Western Front. More than
one million men were wounded or killed, making it one of the bloodiest
battles in human history.
The French and British had committed themselves to an offensive on the
Somme during Allied discussions at Chantilly, Oise, in December 1915. The
Allies agreed upon a strategy of combined offensives against the Central
Powers in 1916, by the French, Russian, British and Italian armies, with
the Somme offensive as the Franco-British contribution. Initial plans
called for the French army to undertake the main part of the Somme
offensive, supported on the northern flank by the Fourth Army of the
British Expeditionary Force (BEF). When the Imperial German Army began the
Battle of Verdun on the Meuse on 21 February 1916, French commanders
diverted many of the divisions intended for the Somme and the supporting
attack by the British became the principal effort.
The first day on the Somme (1 July) saw a serious defeat for the German
Second Army, which was forced out of its first position by the French Sixth
Army, from Foucaucourt-en-Santerre south of the Somme to Maricourt on the
north bank and by the Fourth Army from Maricourt to the vicinity of the
Albert–Bapaume road. The first day on the Somme was, in terms of
casualties, also the worst day in the history of the British army, which
suffered 57,470 casualties. These occurred mainly on the front between the
Albert–Bapaume road and Gommecourt, where the attack was defeated and few
British troops reached the German front line. The British troops on the
Somme comprised a mixture of the remains of the pre-war regular army the
Territorial Force and Kitchener's Army, a force of volunteer recruits
including many Pals' Battalions, recruited from the same places and
occupations.
The battle is notable for the importance of air power and the first use of
the tank. At the end of the battle, British and French forces had
penetrated 10 km (6 mi) into German-occupied territory, taking more ground
than in any of their offensives since the Battle of the Marne in 1914. The
Anglo-French armies failed to capture Péronne and halted 5 km (3 mi) from
Bapaume, where the German armies maintained their positions over the
winter. British attacks in the Ancre valley resumed in January 1917 and
forced the Germans into local withdrawals to reserve lines in February,
before the scheduled retirement to the Siegfriedstellung (Hindenburg Line)
began in March. Debate continues over the necessity, significance and
effect of the battle. David Frum opined that a century later, 'the Somme'
remains the most harrowing place-name in the history of the British
Commonwealth'.
* 'In 1928, Release of the animated short Steamboat Willie, the first fully
synchronized sound cartoon, directed by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks,
featuring the third appearances of cartoon characters Mickey Mouse and
Minnie Mouse. This is considered by the Disney corporation to be Mickey's
birthday. .
- From Wikipedia: 'Steamboat Willie is a 1928 American animated short film
directed by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks. It was produced in black-and-white
by Walt Disney Studios and was released by Celebrity Productions. The
cartoon is considered the debut of Mickey Mouse and his girlfriend Minnie,
although both the characters appeared several months earlier in a test
screening of Plane Crazy. Steamboat Willie was the third of Mickey's films
to be produced, but was the first to be distributed because Walt Disney,
having seen The Jazz Singer, had committed himself to producing the first
fully synchronized sound cartoon.
Steamboat Willie is especially notable for being the first Disney cartoon
with synchronized sound, including character sounds and a musical score.
Disney understood from early on that synchronized sound was the future of
film. It was the first cartoon to feature a fully post-produced soundtrack
which distinguished it from earlier sound cartoons such as Inkwell Studios'
Song Car-Tunes (1924–1927) and Van Beuren Studios' Dinner Time (1928).
Steamboat Willie became the most popular cartoon of its day.
Music for Steamboat Willie was arranged by Wilfred Jackson and Bert Lewis,
and included the songs Steamboat Bill, a composition popularized by
baritone Arthur Collins during the 1910s, and Turkey in the Straw , a
composition popularized within minstrelsy during the 19th century. The
title of the film is a parody of the Buster Keaton film Steamboat Bill Jr.
(1928), itself a reference to the song by Collins. Walt Disney performed
all of the voices in the film, although there is little intelligible
dialogue.
While the film has received some criticism, it has also received wide
critical acclaim, not only for introducing one of the world's most popular
cartoon characters, but for its technical innovation. In 1994 members of
the animation field voted Steamboat Willie 13th in the book The 50 Greatest
Cartoons, which listed the greatest cartoons of all time. In 1998 the film
was selected for preservation in the United States' National Film Registry
for being deemed culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant'.
* 'In 1929, Dr Vladimir K Zworykin demonstrates the 'kinescope'. It becomes
the only way to make film recordings from a video monitor, until video tape
is invented. .
- From Wikipedia: 'Kinescope, shortened to kine, also known as
telerecording in Britain, is a recording of a television program on motion
picture film, directly through a lens focused on the screen of a video
monitor.
Typically, the term can refer to the process itself, the equipment used for
the procedure (a 16 mm or 35 mm movie camera mounted in front of a video
monitor, and synchronized to the monitor's scanning rate), or a film made
using the process. Kinescopes were the only practical way to preserve live
television broadcasts prior to the introduction of videotape in 1956. A
small number of theatrically released feature films have also been produced
as kinescopes.
The term originally referred to the cathode ray tube used in television
receivers, as named by inventor Vladimir K. Zworykin in 1929. Hence, the
recordings were known in full as kinescope films or kinescope recordings.
RCA was granted a trademark for the term (for its cathode ray tube) in 1932
it voluntarily released the term to the public domain in 1950.
The General Electric laboratories in Schenectady, New York experimented
with making still and motion picture records of television images in 1931.
There is some evidence to suggest that the BBC experimented with filming
the output of the television monitor before its television service was
suspended in 1939 due to the outbreak of World War II. BBC executive Cecil
Madden later recalled filming a production of The Scarlet Pimpernel in this
way, only for film director Alexander Korda to order the burning of the
negative as he owned the film rights to the book, which he felt had been
infringed. However, the evidence for this is purely anecdotal, and indeed
there is no written record of any BBC Television production of The Scarlet
Pimpernel during the 1936–1939 period. Some of the surviving live
transmissions of the Nazi German television station Fernsehsender Paul
Nipkow, dating as far back as the 1930s, were recorded by pointing a 35mm
camera to a receiver's screen, although most surviving Nazi live television
programs such as the 1936 Summer Olympics (not to confuse with the
cinematic footage made during the same event by Leni Riefenstahl for her
film Olympia), a number of Nuremberg Rallies, or official state visits
(such as Benito Mussolini's) were shot directly on 35mm instead and
transmitted over the air as a television signal, with only a two minutes'
delay from the original event, by means of the so-called
Zwischenfilmverfahren
According to a 1949 film produced by RCA, silent films had been made of
early experimental telecasts during the 1930s. The films were shot off
television monitors at a speed of eight frames per second, resulting in
somewhat jerky reproductions of the images. By the mid-1940s, RCA and NBC
were refining the filming process and including sound the images were less
jerky but still somewhat fuzzy.
By early 1946, television cameras were being attached to American guided
missiles to aid in their remote steering. Films were made of the television
images they transmitted for further evaluation of the target and the
missile's performance.
The first known surviving example of the telerecording process in Britain
is from October 1947, showing the singer Adelaide Hall performing at the
RadiOlympia event. From the following month, the wedding of Princess
Elizabeth to Prince Philip also survives, as do various early 1950s
productions such as It is Midnight, Dr Schweitzer, The Lady from the Sea
and the opening two episodes of The Quatermass Experiment, although in
varying degrees of quality. A complete 7-hour set of telerecordings of
Queen Elizabeth II's 1953 coronation also exists'.
* 'In 1932, Walt Disney's 'Flowers and Trees' receives the first Academy
Award for a cartoon. .
- From Wikipedia: 'Flowers and Trees is a 1932 Silly Symphonies cartoon
produced by Walt Disney, directed by Burt Gillett, and released to theatres
by United Artists on July 18, 1932. It was the first commercially released
film to be produced in the full-color three-strip Technicolor process after
several years of two-color Technicolor films.
Flowers and Trees was already in production as a black-and-white cartoon
before Disney saw Herbert Kalmus' three-strip Technicolor tests. Deciding
that Flowers and Trees would make a perfect test for the process, he had
the black-and-white footage scrapped and the short redone in color. The
color Flowers and Trees was a commercial and critical success, winning the
first Academy Award for Animated Short Subjects.
As a result of the success of Flowers and Trees, all future Silly
Symphonies cartoons were produced in three-strip Technicolor. The added
novelty of color helped to boost the series' previously disappointing
returns. Disney's other cartoon series, the Mickey Mouse shorts, were
deemed successful enough not to need the extra boost of color, remaining in
black-and-white until The Band Concert (1935).
Disney's exclusive contract with Technicolor, in effect until the end of
1935, forced other animators such as Ub Iwerks and Max Fleischer to use
Technicolor's inferior two-color process or a competing two-color system
such as Cinecolor'.
* 'In 1932, At the 5th Academy Awards: . '- Outstanding Production - Grand
Hotel. - Best Actor (tie) - Fredric March for Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde,
Wallace Beery for The Champ. - Best Actress - Helen Hayes for The Sin of
Madelon Claudet.'. . '- Grand Hotel - at Wikipedia: . '- Grand Hotel - at
Internet Movie Database IMDb: . '- Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde - at Wikipedia:
. '- Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde - at Internet Movie Database IMDb: . '- The
Champ - at Wikipedia: . '- The Champ - at Internet Movie Database IMDb:
. '- The Sin of Madelon Claudet - at Wikipedia: . '- The Sin of Madelon
Claudet - at Internet Movie Database IMDb:
* 'In 1963, 'Push-button' telephones are introduced into service for the
first time. Conceived by Bell Telephone designer Henry Dryfus.
- From Wikipedia: 'The push-button telephone is a telephone that uses
buttons or keys for dialing a telephone number to place a call to another
telephone subscriber.
Western Electric experimented as early as 1941 with methods of using
mechanically activated reeds to produce two tones for each of the ten
digits and by the late 1940s such technology was field-tested in a No. 5
Crossbar switching system in Pennsylvania. But the technology proved
unreliable and it was not until long after the invention of the transistor
when push-button technology matured. On 18 November 1963, after
approximately three years of customer testing, the Bell System in the
United States officially introduced dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF)
technology under its registered Touch-Tone mark. Over the next few decades
touch-tone service replaced traditional pulse dialing technology and it
eventually became a world-wide standard for telecommunication signaling.
Although DTMF was the driving technology implemented in push-button
telephones, some telephone manufacturers used push-button keypads to
generate pulse dial signaling. Before the introduction of touch-tone
telephone sets, the Bell System sometimes used the term push-button
telephone to refer to key system telephones, which were rotary dial
telephones that also had a set of push-buttons to select one of multiple
telephone circuits, or to activate other features'.
No. 1 song
Top movie
Monthly holiday / awareness days in November
Food
Banana Pudding Lovers Month
Diabetic Eye Disease Month
Epilepsy Awareness Month
Gluten-Free Diet Awareness Month
National Georgia Pecan Month
National Peanut Butter Lovers Month
National Pomegranate Month
Health
American and National Diabetes Month
Lung Cancer Awareness Month
MADD's Tie One On For Safety Holiday Campaign
National PPSI AIDS Awareness Month
National Alzheimer's Disease Month
National COPD Month
National Diabetes Month
National Family Caregivers Month
National Healthy Skin Month
National Home Care and Hospice Month
National Impotency Month
National Long-term Care Awareness Month
National PPSI Aids Awareness Month
NET Cancer Awareness Month
Pancreatic Cancer Awareness Month
Stomach Cancer Awareness Month
Vegan Month
Animal and Pet
Adopt A Senior Pet Month
Adopt A Turkey Month
Manatee Awareness Month
National Pet Cancer Awareness Month
Pet Diabetes Month
Other
American Indian Heritage Month
Aviation History Month
Critical Infrastructure Security and Resilience Month
Family Stories Month
Historic Bridge Awareness Month
Military Family Appreciation Month
National Entrepreneurship Month
National Inspirational Role Models Month
National Memoir Writing Month
National Native American Heritage Month
National Family Literacy Month
National Novel Writing Month
National Runaway Prevention Month
National Scholarship Month
Picture Book Month
November is:
November origin (from Wikipedia): 'November is the eleventh month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian
Calendars and one of four months with the length of 30 days. November was
the ninth month of the ancient Roman calendar. November retained its name
(from the Latin novem meaning 'nine') when January and February were added
to the Roman calendar.
'
'November is a month of spring in the Southern Hemisphere and autumn in
the Northern Hemisphere. Therefore, November in the Southern Hemisphere
is the seasonal equivalent of May in the Northern Hemisphere and vice
versa.'
November at Wikipedia: More
If you couldn't afford 90 cents for a movie ticket, 50 years ago,
or your 45 RPM record player was broke, you might watch one of these shows on TV.
From this Wikipedia article: More
Best selling books of 1966 More
Sites for downloading or reading free Public Domain eBooks. Available in various formats. More