<> Tomorrow's food holidays(s):
* 'National Pizza with the Works Except Anchovies Day'.
[The Hankster says] I an completely in sync with whoever created this day. I'll take my anchovies as an ingredient in Worcestershire Sauce only. BTW, they were not an ingredient of the first Cesar Salad.
<> Other holidays / celebrations
* 'Chicken Soup for the Soul Day'.
A day to search your soul and plan for the future.
[The Hankster says] I will have my pizza and all is well with the world.
<> Awareness / Observances:
o Health
* 'World Pneumonia Day'. W.H.O. awareness day.
- From Wikipedia (World Pneumonia Day):
'World Pneumonia Day (November 12) provides an annual forum for the world
to stand together and demand action in the fight against pneumonia. More
than 100 organizations representing the interests of children joined forces
as the Global Coalition against Child Pneumonia to hold the first World
Pneumonia Day on November 2, 2009. Save The Children artist ambassadors
Gwyneth Paltrow and Hugh Laurie, Charles MacCormack of Save The Children,
Orin Levine of PneumoADIP, Lance Laifer of Hedge Funds vs. Malaria and
Pneumonia, the Global Health Council, the GAVI Alliance, and the Sabin
Vaccine Institute joined together in a call to action asking people to
participate in World Pneumonia Day on November 2. In 2010, World Pneumonia
Day falls on November 12.
Pneumonia is a preventable and treatable disease that sickens 155 million
children under 5 and kills 1.6 million each year. This makes pneumonia the
number 1 killer of children under 5, claiming more young lives than AIDS,
malaria, and measles combined. Yet most people are unaware of pneumonia’s
overwhelming death toll. Because of this pneumonia has been overshadowed as
a priority on the global health agenda, and rarely receives coverage in the
news media. World Pneumonia Day helps to bring this health crisis to the
public’s attention and encourages policy makers and grassroots organizers
alike to combat the disease.
In spite of the massive death toll of this disease, affordable treatment
and prevention options exist. There are effective vaccines against the two
most common bacterial causes of deadly pneumonia, Haemophilus influenzae
type B and Streptococcus pneumoniae, and most common viral cause of
pneumonia, Orthomyxoviridae. A course of antibiotics which costs less than
$1(US) is capable of curing the disease if it is started early enough. The
Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Pneumonia (GAPP)
released by the WHO and UNICEF on World Pneumonia Day, 2009, finds that 1
million children's lives could be saved every year if prevention and
treatment interventions for pneumonia were widely introduced in the world's
poorest countries.
The United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are eight
international development goals that 192 United Nations member states and
at least 23 international organizations have agreed to achieve by the year
2015. The fourth of these goals is to reduce by two-thirds, between 1990
and 2015, the under-five mortality rate. Because pneumonia causes such a
large number of under five deaths (almost 20%), in order to achieve MDG 4,
the world must do something to reduce pneumonia deaths'.
- From Wikipedia (Pneumonia):
'Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung affecting primarily the
microscopic air sacs known as alveoli. Typical signs and symptoms include a
varying severity and combination of productive or dry cough, chest pain,
fever, and trouble breathing, depending on the underlying cause.
Pneumonia is usually caused by infection with viruses or bacteria and less
commonly by other microorganisms, certain medications and conditions such
as autoimmune diseases. Risk factors include other lung diseases such as
cystic fibrosis, COPD, and asthma, diabetes, heart failure, a history of
smoking, a poor ability to cough such as following a stroke, or a weak
immune system. Diagnosis is often based on the symptoms and physical
examination. Chest X-ray, blood tests, and culture of the sputum may help
confirm the diagnosis. The disease may be classified by where it was
acquired with community, hospital, or health care associated pneumonia.
Vaccines to prevent certain types of pneumonia are available. Other methods
of prevention include handwashing and not smoking. Treatment depends on the
underlying cause. Pneumonia believed to be due to bacteria is treated with
antibiotics. If the pneumonia is severe, the affected person is generally
hospitalized. Oxygen therapy may be used if oxygen levels are low.
Pneumonia affects approximately 450 million people globally (7% of the
population) and results in about 4 million deaths per year. Pneumonia was
regarded by William Osler in the 19th century as the captain of the men of
death With the introduction of antibiotics and vaccines in the 20th
century, survival improved. Nevertheless, in developing countries, and
among the very old, the very young, and the chronically ill, pneumonia
remains a leading cause of death. Pneumonia often shortens suffering among
those already close to death and has thus been called the old man's
friend'.
o Animal and Pet:
* 'Fancy Rat and Mouse Day'.
- From Wikipedia (American Fancy Rat and Mouse Association):
'The American Fancy Rat and Mouse Association (AFRMA), formed in 1983, is a
California-based club of rodent enthusiasts that organizes shows,
establishes breed standards, and promotes both the fancy rat and the fancy
mouse as appealing pets. Their scope and intent is similar to the American
Kennel Club in its association with dogs.
The AFRMA's self described purpose is to promote and encourage the breeding
and exhibition of fancy rats and mice for show and pets. The club prefers
not to take any official stance on the ethics of culling, reptile feeding,
or animal rights. Instead, it accepts the individuality of its members and
their interests.
American Fancy Rat and Mouse Association has an Annual Show in California
every year'.
o Other:
* 'National Hunger and Homeless Awareness Week'. Nine days beginning on the
second Sunday of November (the week before thanksgiving).
<> Historical events on November 12
* 'In 1859, Jules Leotard performs the first Flying Trapeze circus act in
Paris. He also designed a garment in which to perform, that bears his name.
- From Wikipedia: 'Jules Léotard (French: 1 March 1838 – 17 August 1870)
was a French acrobatic performer and aerialist who developed the art of
trapeze. He also popularised the one-piece gym wear that now bears his name
and inspired the 1867 song The Daring Young Man on the Flying Trapeze sung
by George Leybourne.
After he passed his law exams, he seemed destined to join the legal
profession. But at 18 he began to experiment with trapeze bars, ropes and
rings suspended over a swimming pool. Léotard later joined the Cirque
Napoleon.
The costume he invented was a one-piece knitted garment streamlined to suit
the safety and agility concerns of trapeze performance. It also showed off
his physique, impressed the ladies and inspired the song sung by George
Leybourne'.
* 'In 1892, William 'Pudge' Heffelfinger becomes the first professional
American football player on record, participating in his first paid game
for the Allegheny Athletic Association.
- From Wikipedia: 'In 1895, teenage football star and college-bound player
John Brallier was paid $10 to play a game for the Latrobe Athletic
Association, making him the first publicly acknowledged professional
American football player. It would be more than half a century before
college graduate Heffelfinger would be recognized for being secretly paid
$500 to play a football game in 1892'. .
* 'In 1927, The Holland Tunnel which connects New York and New Jersey,
first opens. .
- From Wikipedia: 'The Holland Tunnel is a highway tunnel under the Hudson
River between Manhattan in New York City and Jersey City, New Jersey. It
carries Interstate 78, and in New Jersey is also designated NJ 139. An
integral conduit within the New York Metropolitan Area, the tunnel was
originally known as the Hudson River Vehicular Tunnel or the Canal Street
Tunnel. It was the first of two vehicular tunnels under the river, the
other being the Lincoln Tunnel. Both are operated by the Port Authority of
New York and New Jersey.
For centuries, passage across the lower Hudson River was possible only by
ferry. The first tunnels to be bored below the Hudson River were the Hudson
and Manhattan Railroad's uptown and downtown tunnels, constructed in the
first decade of the 20th century to link the major railroad terminals in
New Jersey with Manhattan Island (they currently run PATH trains). The
Pennsylvania Railroad's twin tunnels, constructed to serve the new
Pennsylvania Station, soon followed. Once tunneling had been shown to be
feasible, increasing automobile traffic led to interest in a roadway
crossing the river as well.
The concept for what would become the Holland Tunnel was developed in 1906
by a joint commission between New York and New Jersey. The commission
initially considered building a bridge for cost reasons, but this plan was
abandoned in favor of a tunnel in 1913 when it was determined that the cost
of land for accessways to a suitably raised bridge would be prohibitive as
a height of 200 ft (60 m) was considered the minimum necessary to avoid
interfering with shipping.
Over the next several years, a number of design proposals were evaluated
for the new tunnel. The first two called for a single tube containing two
levels of traffic. One, authored by engineer George Goethals specified that
traffic on each level would travel in a different direction. The other, by
the firm Jacobs and Davies, called for a slightly different tube diameter,
with an express level and a level for slower traffic. Both designs were
eventually passed over in favor of a new type of design proposed by
engineer Clifford Milburn Holland, in which two separate tubes would each
contain two lanes both going in the same direction. Holland's proposal was
adopted, and he was named Chief Engineer of the project. Promotional
materials compared the diameter and capacity of the proposed tunnel with
the smaller-diameter railroad tunnels.
In 1920, the New Jersey Interstate Bridge and Tunnel Commission and the New
York State Bridge and Tunnel Commission appropriated funds for what was
then referred to as the Hudson River Vehicular Tunnel Project Construction
began on March 31, 1922, with a crew of workers starting digging at the
corner of Canal Street and West Street. On October 27, 1924, the day before
the two halves of the tunnel were scheduled to be linked, 41-year-old
Holland died of a heart attack in a sanatorium in Battle Creek, Michigan,
attributed by individuals cited in The New York Times to the stress he
endured overseeing the tunnel's construction. Holing through ceremonies
scheduled for that day, in which President Calvin Coolidge would have
remotely set off an explosion to connect the two sides of the tunnel, were
canceled out of respect for Holland's death.
The project was renamed the Holland Tunnel in memory of its first chief
engineer by the New York State Bridge and Tunnel Commission and the New
Jersey Interstate Bridge and Tunnel Commission on November 12, 1924.
Holland was succeeded by Milton Harvey Freeman, who died of pneumonia in
March 1925, after several months heading the job. After Freeman's death,
the position was occupied by Ole Singstad, who oversaw the completion of
the tunnel and designed its pioneering ventilation system'.
* 'In 1936, In California, the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge opens to
traffic. .
- From Wikipedia: 'The San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge (known locally as
the Bay Bridge) is a complex of bridges spanning San Francisco Bay in
California. As part of Interstate 80 and the direct road between San
Francisco and Oakland, it carries about 240,000 vehicles a day on its two
decks. It has one of the longest spans in the United States.
The toll bridge was conceived as early as the gold rush days, but
construction did not begin until 1933. Designed by Charles H. Purcell, and
built by American Bridge Company, it opened on November 12, 1936, six
months before the Golden Gate Bridge. It originally carried automobile
traffic on its upper deck, and trucks and trains on the lower, but after
the Key System abandoned rail service, the lower deck was converted to
all-road traffic as well. In 1986 the bridge was unofficially dedicated to
James Rolph.
The bridge has two sections of roughly equal length the older western
section, officially known as the Willie L. Brown Jr. Bridge (after former
San Francisco Mayor and California State Assembly Speaker Willie L. Brown
Jr.), connects downtown San Francisco to Yerba Buena Island and the newer
unnamed eastern section connects the island to Oakland. The Willie Brown
bridge (west span) is a double suspension bridge with two decks, westbound
traffic is carried on the upper deck and eastbound on the lower deck. The
largest span of the original eastern section was a cantilever bridge.
During the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, a section of the eastern span's
upper deck collapsed onto the lower deck and the bridge was closed for a
month. Reconstruction of the eastern section of the bridge as a causeway
connected to a self-anchored suspension bridge began in 2002 the new bridge
opened September 2, 2013 at a reported cost of over $6.5 billion. Unlike
the west span and the original east span, the new east span is a single
deck with the eastbound and westbound lanes on each side making it the
world's widest bridge, according to Guinness World Records, as of 2014.
Demolition of the old east span is expected to last until 2018'.
* 'In 1942, During World War II, the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal between
Japanese and American forces begins near Guadalcanal. The battle lasts for
three days and ends with an American victory. .
- From Wikipedia: 'The Naval Battle of Guadalcanal, sometimes referred to
as the Third and Fourth Battles of Savo Island, the Battle of the Solomons,
the Battle of Friday the 13th, or, in Japanese sources, the Third Battle of
the Solomon Sea, took place from 12–15 November 1942, and was the decisive
engagement in a series of naval battles between Allied (primarily American)
and Imperial Japanese forces during the months-long Guadalcanal Campaign in
the Solomon Islands during World War II. The action consisted of combined
air and sea engagements over four days, most near Guadalcanal and all
related to a Japanese effort to reinforce land forces on the island. The
only two U.S. Navy admirals to be killed in a surface engagement in the war
were lost in this battle.
Allied forces, primarily from the U.S., had landed on Guadalcanal on 7
August 1942 and seized an airfield, later called Henderson Field, that was
under construction by the Japanese military. There were several subsequent
attempts by the Imperial Japanese Army and Navy, using reinforcements
delivered to Guadalcanal by ship, to recapture the airfield, which
ultimately failed. In early November 1942, the Japanese organized a
transport convoy to take 7,000 infantry troops and their equipment to
Guadalcanal to attempt once again to retake the airfield. Several Japanese
warship forces were assigned to bombard Henderson Field with the goal of
destroying Allied aircraft that posed a threat to the convoy. Learning of
the Japanese reinforcement effort, U.S. forces launched aircraft and
warship attacks to defend Henderson Field and prevent the Japanese ground
troops from reaching Guadalcanal.
In the resulting battle, both sides lost numerous warships in two extremely
destructive surface engagements at night. Nevertheless, the U.S. succeeded
in turning back attempts by the Japanese to bombard Henderson Field with
battleships. Allied aircraft also sank most of the Japanese troop
transports and prevented the majority of the Japanese troops and equipment
from reaching Guadalcanal. Thus, the battle turned back Japan's last major
attempt to dislodge Allied forces from Guadalcanal and nearby Tulagi,
resulting in a strategic victory for the U.S. and its allies and deciding
the ultimate outcome of the Guadalcanal campaign in their favor'.
* 'In 1946, Walt Disney's, Song Of The South, was released. .
- From Wikipedia: 'Song of the South is a 1946 American
live-action/animated musical film produced by Walt Disney and released by
RKO Radio Pictures, based on the Uncle Remus stories collected by Joel
Chandler Harris. The film stars James Baskett in a dual role, Bobby
Driscoll, Luana Patten, Glenn Leedy, Ruth Warrick, Lucile Watson, Hattie
McDaniel, and the voices of Johnny Lee and Nick Stewart. It was one of the
earliest of Disney's films to feature live actors (the first being The
Reluctant Dragon), who provide a frame story for the animated segments. The
film depicts the character Uncle Remus, presumably a former slave, relating
to several children, including the film's protagonist, the folk tales of
the adventures of anthropomorphic Br'er Rabbit and his enemies, Br'er Fox
and Br'er Bear. The film's song Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah won the 1947 Academy
Award for Best Song, is frequently used as part of Disney's montage themes,
and has become widely used in popular culture. James Baskett was given an
honorary Academy Award in 1948 for his portrayal of Uncle Remus. This
marked the first Oscar (although an honorary one) awarded to a black male
actor. The film inspired the Disney theme park attraction Splash Mountain.
The film's depiction of black freedmen and of race relations in
Reconstruction-Era Georgia has been controversial with a number of critics,
both at the time of its release and in later decades, describing it as
racist. Because of this, the film has never been officially released in its
entirety on home video in the United States'.
* 'In 1948, In Tokyo, an international war crimes tribunal sentences seven
Japanese military and government officials, including General Hideki Tojo,
to death for their roles in World War II. .
- From Wikipedia: Japanese war crimes include both alleged and legally
proven violations of the laws of war in many Asian and Pacific countries
during the period of Japanese militarism, primarily during the Second
Sino-Japanese War and World War II. These incidents have also been
described as an Asian Holocaust and Japanese war atrocities. Some war
crimes were committed by military personnel from the Empire of Japan in the
late 19th century, although most took place during the first part of the
Showa Era, the name given to the reign of Emperor Hirohito, until the
surrender of the Empire of Japan, in 1945.
Some historians and governments hold Japanese military forces, namely the
Imperial Japanese Army, the Imperial Japanese Navy, and the Imperial
Japanese family, especially under Emperor Hirohito, responsible for the
deaths of millions, some estimate between 3,000,000 and 14,000,000
civilians and prisoners of war through massacre, human experimentation,
starvation, and forced labor that was either directly perpetrated or
condoned by the Japanese military and government. Some Japanese soldiers
have admitted to committing these crimes. Airmen of the Imperial Japanese
Army Air Service and Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service were not included
as war criminals because there was no positive or specific customary
international humanitarian law that prohibited the unlawful conduct of
aerial warfare either before or during World War II. The Imperial Japanese
Army Air Service took part in conducting chemical and biological attacks on
enemy nationals during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II and
the use of such weapons in warfare were generally prohibited by
international agreements signed by Japan, including the Hague Conventions
(1899 and 1907), which banned the use of poison or poisoned weapons in
warfare.
Since the 1950s, senior Japanese Government officials have issued numerous
apologies for the country's war crimes. Japan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs
states that the country acknowledges its role in causing tremendous damage
and suffering during World War II, especially in regard to the IJA entrance
into Nanjing during which Japanese soldiers killed a large number of
non-combatants and engaged in looting and rape. That being said, some
members of the Liberal Democratic Party in the Japanese government such as
former prime minister Junichiro Koizumi and current Prime Minister Shinzo
Abe have prayed at the Yasukuni Shrine, which includes convicted Class A
war criminals in its honored war dead. Some Japanese history textbooks only
offer brief references to the various war crimes, and members of the
Liberal Democratic Party have denied some of the atrocities such as
government involvement in abducting women to serve as comfort women (sex
slaves).
'The International Military Tribunal for the Far East was formed to try
accused people in Japan itself.
High-ranking officers who were tried included Koichi Kido and Sadao Araki.
Three former (unelected) prime ministers: Koki Hirota, Hideki Tojo and
Kuniaki Koiso were convicted of Class-A war crimes. Many military leaders
were also convicted. Two people convicted as Class-A war criminals later
served as ministers in post-war Japanese governments.
Hirohito and all members of the imperial family implicated in the war such
as Prince Chichibu, Prince Asaka, Prince Takeda and Prince Higashikuni were
exonerated from criminal prosecutions by MacArthur, with the help of Bonner
Fellers who allowed the major criminal suspects to coordinate their stories
so that the Emperor would be spared from indictment. Some historians
criticize this decision. According to John Dower, with the full support of
MacArthur's headquarters, the prosecution functioned, in effect, as a
defense team for the emperor and even Japanese activists who endorse the
ideals of the Nuremberg and Tokyo charters, and who have labored to
document and publicize the atrocities of the Showa regime cannot defend the
American decision to exonerate the emperor of war responsibility and then,
in the chill of the Cold War, release and soon afterwards openly embrace
accused right-winged war criminals like the later prime minister Nobusuke
Kishi. For Herbert Bix, MacArthur's truly extraordinary measures to save
Hirohito from trial as a war criminal had a lasting and profoundly
distorting impact on Japanese understanding of the lost war.
Between 1946 and 1951, the United States, the United Kingdom, China, the
Soviet Union, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, France, the Netherlands and
the Philippines all held military tribunals to try Japanese indicted for
Class B and Class C war crimes. Some 5,600 Japanese personnel were
prosecuted in more than 2,200 trials outside Japan. Class B defendants were
accused of having committed such crimes themselves class C defendants,
mostly senior officers, were accused of planning, ordering or failing to
prevent them'.
* 'In 1954, Ellis Island shuts its doors. .
- From Wikipedia: 'Ellis Island, in Upper New York Bay, was the gateway for
over 12 million immigrants to the United States as the nation's busiest
immigrant inspection station from 1892 until 1954. The island was greatly
expanded with land reclamation between 1892 and 1934. Before that, the much
smaller original island was the site of Fort Gibson and later a naval
magazine. The island was made part of the Statue of Liberty National
Monument in 1965, and has hosted a museum of immigration since 1990. Long
considered part of New York state, a 1998 United States Supreme Court
decision found that most of the island is in New Jersey. The south side of
the island, home to the Ellis Island Immigrant Hospital, is closed to the
general public and the object of restoration efforts spearheaded by Save
Ellis Island.
In the 35 years before Ellis Island opened, more than eight million
immigrants arriving in New York City had been processed by New York State
officials at Castle Garden Immigration Depot in Lower Manhattan, just
across the bay. The federal government assumed control of immigration on
April 18, 1890, and Congress appropriated $75,000 to construct America's
first federal immigration station on Ellis Island. Artesian wells were dug,
and landfill was hauled in from incoming ships' ballast and from
construction of New York City's subway tunnels, which doubled the size of
Ellis Island to over six acres. While the building was under construction,
the Barge Office nearby at the Battery was used for immigrant processing.
The first station was an enormous three-story-tall structure, with
outbuildings, built of Georgia pine, containing all of the amenities that
were thought to be necessary. It opened with celebration on January 1,
1892. Three large ships landed on the first day and 700 immigrants passed
over the docks. Almost 450,000 immigrants were processed at the station
during its first year. On June 15, 1897, a fire of unknown origin, possibly
caused by faulty wiring, turned the wooden structures on Ellis Island into
ashes. No loss of life was reported, but most of the immigration records
dating back to 1855 were destroyed. About 1.5 million immigrants had been
processed at the first building during its five years of use. Plans were
immediately made to build a new, fireproof immigration station on Ellis
Island. During the construction period, passenger arrivals were again
processed at the Barge Office.
The present main structure was designed in French Renaissance Revival style
and built of red brick with limestone trim. After it opened on December 17,
1900, the facilities proved to be able to barely handle the flood of
immigrants that arrived in the years before World War I. Writer Louis
Adamic came to America from Slovenia in southeastern Europe in 1913 and
described the night he and many other immigrants slept on bunk beds in a
huge hall. Lacking a warm blanket, the young man shivered, sleepless, all
night, listening to snores and dreams in perhaps a dozen different
languages The facility was so large that the dining room could seat 1,000
people.
After its opening, Ellis Island was again expanded with landfill and
additional structures were built. By the time it closed on November 12,
1954, twelve million immigrants had been processed by the U.S. Bureau of
Immigration. It is estimated that 10.5 million immigrants departed for
points across the United States from the Central Railroad of New Jersey
Terminal, located just across a narrow strait. Others would have used one
of the other terminals along the North River (Hudson River) at that time'.
* 'In 1980, The NASA space probe Voyager I makes its closest approach to
Saturn and takes the first images of its rings. .
- From Wikipedia:
Voyager 1 is a space probe launched by NASA on September 5, 1977. Part of
the Voyager program to study the outer Solar System, Voyager 1 launched 16
days after its twin, Voyager 2. Having operated for 39 years, 2 months and
6 days, the spacecraft still communicates with the Deep Space Network to
receive routine commands and return data. At a distance of 135 AU
(2.02×1010 km) from the Sun as of June 2016, it is the farthest spacecraft
from Earth.
'The gravitational assist trajectories at Jupiter were successfully carried
out by both Voyagers, and the two spacecraft went on to visit Saturn and
its system of moons and rings. Voyager 1 encountered Saturn in November
1980, with the closest approach on November 12, 1980, when the space probe
came within 124,000 kilometers (77,000 mi) of Saturn's cloud-tops. The
space probe's cameras detected complex structures in the rings of Saturn,
and its remote sensing instruments studied the atmospheres of Saturn and
its giant moon Titan.
Voyager 1 found that about 7 percent of the volume of Saturn's upper
atmosphere is helium (compared with 11 percent of Jupiter's atmosphere),
while almost all the rest is hydrogen. Since Saturn's internal helium
abundance was expected to be the same as Jupiter's and the Sun's, the lower
abundance of helium in the upper atmosphere may imply that the heavier
helium may be slowly sinking through Saturn's hydrogen that might explain
the excess heat that Saturn radiates over energy it receives from the Sun.
Winds blow at high speeds in Saturn. Near the equator, the Voyagers
measured winds about 500 m/s (1,100 mph). The wind blows mostly in an
easterly direction'.
* 'In 1990, The World Wide Web is formally proposed by Tim Berners-Lee. .
- From Wikipedia: 'The World Wide Web (abbreviated WWW or the Web) is an
information space where documents and other web resources are identified by
Uniform Resource Locators (URLs), interlinked by hypertext links, and can
be accessed via the Internet. English scientist Tim Berners-Lee invented
the World Wide Web in 1989. He wrote the first web browser computer
programme in 1990 while employed at CERN in Switzerland.
The World Wide Web has been central to the development of the Information
Age and is the primary tool billions of people use to interact on the
Internet. Web pages are primarily text documents formatted and annotated
with Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). In addition to formatted text, web
pages may contain images, video, audio, and software components that are
rendered in the user's web browser as coherent pages of multimedia content.
Embedded hyperlinks permit users to navigate between web pages. Multiple
web pages with a common theme, a common domain name, or both, make up a
website. Website content can largely be provided by the publisher, or
interactive where users contribute content or the content depends upon the
user or their actions. Websites may be mostly informative, primarily for
entertainment, or largely for commercial, governmental, or non-governmental
organisational purposes'.
* 'In 2003, Shanghai Transrapid sets new commercial railway world speed
record of 311 mph. .
- From Wikipedia: 'The Shanghai Maglev Train or Shanghai Transrapid is a
magnetic levitation train, or maglev line that operates in Shanghai, China.
The line is the first commercially operated high-speed magnetic levitation
line in the world.
Construction of the line began in March 1, 2001, and public commercial
service commenced on 1 January 2004. The top operational commercial speed
of this train is 431 km/h (268 mph), making it the world's fastest train in
regular commercial service since its opening in April 2004. During a
non-commercial test run on 12 November 2003, piloted by Jonathan Texiera, a
maglev train achieved a Chinese record speed of 501 km/h (311 mph). The
Shanghai Maglev has a length of 153 metres (502 ft), a width of 3.7 metres
(12 ft), a height of 4.2 metres (14 ft) and a three-class, 574-passenger
configuration.
The train line was designed to connect Shanghai Pudong International
Airport and the outskirts of central Pudong where passengers could
interchange to the Shanghai Metro to continue their trip to the city
center. It cost $1.2 billion to build. The train set was built by a joint
venture of Siemens and ThyssenKrupp from Kassel, Germany and based on years
of tests and improvements of their Transrapid maglev monorail. The Shanghai
Maglev track (guideway) was built by local Chinese companies who, as a
result of the alluvial soil conditions of the Pudong area, had to deviate
from the original track design of one supporting column every 50 meters to
one column every 25 meters, to ensure that the guideway meets the stability
and precision criteria. Several thousand concrete piles were driven to
depths up to 70 meters to attain stability for the support column
foundations. A mile-long, climate controlled facility was built alongside
the line's right of way to manufacture the guideways.
The electrification of the train was developed by Vahle, Inc. Two
commercial maglev systems predated the Shanghai system: the Birmingham
Maglev in the United Kingdom and the Berlin M-Bahn. Both were low-speed
operations and closed before the opening of the Shanghai Maglev Train.
The train was inaugurated in 2002 by the German chancellor, Gerhard
Schröder, and the Chinese premier, Zhu Rongji.
The line is not a part of the Shanghai Metro network, which operates its
own service to Pudong Airport from central Shanghai and from Longyang Road
Station'.
* 'In 2014, The Philae lander, deployed from the European Space Agency's
Rosetta probe, reaches the surface of Comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko. .
- From Wikipedia: 'Philae is a robotic European Space Agency lander that
accompanied the Rosetta spacecraft until it separated to land on comet
67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko, ten years and eight months after departing
Earth. On 12 November 2014, Philae touched down on the comet, but it
bounced when its anchoring harpoons failed to deploy and a thruster
designed to hold the probe to the surface did not fire. After bouncing off
the surface twice, Philae achieved the first-ever soft (nondestructive)
landing on a comet nucleus, although the lander's final, uncontrolled
touchdown left it in a non-optimal location and orientation.
Despite the landing problems, the probe's instruments obtained the first
images from a comet's surface. Several of the instruments on Philae made
the first direct analysis of a comet, sending back data that will be
analysed to determine the composition of the surface.
On 15 November 2014 Philae entered safe mode, or hibernation, after its
batteries ran down due to reduced sunlight and an off-nominal spacecraft
orientation at its unplanned landing site. Mission controllers hoped that
additional sunlight on the solar panels might be sufficient to reboot the
lander. Philae communicated sporadically with Rosetta from 13 June to 9
July 2015, but contact was then lost. The lander's location was identified
to within a few tens of metres, but it was not seen. Philae, though silent,
was finally identified unambiguously, lying on its side in a deep crack in
the shadow of a cliff, in photographs taken by Rosetta on 2 September 2016
as the orbiter was sent on orbits closer to the comet. Knowledge of its
precise location will help in interpretation of the images it had sent. On
30 September 2016, the Rosetta spacecraft ended its mission by landing in
the comet's Ma'at region.
The lander is named after the Philae obelisk, which bears a bilingual
inscription and was used along with the Rosetta Stone to decipher Egyptian
hieroglyphs. Philae is monitored and operated from DLR's Lander Control
Center in Cologne, Germany'.
No. 1 song
Top movie
Monthly holiday / awareness days in November
Food
Banana Pudding Lovers Month
Diabetic Eye Disease Month
Epilepsy Awareness Month
Gluten-Free Diet Awareness Month
National Georgia Pecan Month
National Peanut Butter Lovers Month
National Pomegranate Month
Health
American and National Diabetes Month
Lung Cancer Awareness Month
MADD's Tie One On For Safety Holiday Campaign
National PPSI AIDS Awareness Month
National Alzheimer's Disease Month
National COPD Month
National Diabetes Month
National Family Caregivers Month
National Healthy Skin Month
National Home Care and Hospice Month
National Impotency Month
National Long-term Care Awareness Month
National PPSI Aids Awareness Month
NET Cancer Awareness Month
Pancreatic Cancer Awareness Month
Stomach Cancer Awareness Month
Vegan Month
Animal and Pet
Adopt A Senior Pet Month
Adopt A Turkey Month
Manatee Awareness Month
National Pet Cancer Awareness Month
Pet Diabetes Month
Other
American Indian Heritage Month
Aviation History Month
Critical Infrastructure Security and Resilience Month
Family Stories Month
Historic Bridge Awareness Month
Military Family Appreciation Month
National Entrepreneurship Month
National Inspirational Role Models Month
National Memoir Writing Month
National Native American Heritage Month
National Family Literacy Month
National Novel Writing Month
National Runaway Prevention Month
National Scholarship Month
Picture Book Month
November is:
November origin (from Wikipedia): 'November is the eleventh month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian
Calendars and one of four months with the length of 30 days. November was
the ninth month of the ancient Roman calendar. November retained its name
(from the Latin novem meaning 'nine') when January and February were added
to the Roman calendar.
'
'November is a month of spring in the Southern Hemisphere and autumn in
the Northern Hemisphere. Therefore, November in the Southern Hemisphere
is the seasonal equivalent of May in the Northern Hemisphere and vice
versa.'
November at Wikipedia: More
If you couldn't afford 90 cents for a movie ticket, 50 years ago,
or your 45 RPM record player was broke, you might watch one of these shows on TV.
From this Wikipedia article: More
Best selling books of 1966 More
Sites for downloading or reading free Public Domain eBooks. Available in various formats. More