<> Tomorrow's food holidays(s):
* 'National Oyster Day'.
- From Wikipedia (Oyster):
'The word oyster is used as a common name for a number of different
families of saltwater clams, bivalve molluscs that live in marine or
brackish habitats. In some species the valves are highly calcified, and
many are somewhat irregular in shape. Many, but not all, oysters are in the
superfamily Ostreoidea.
Some kinds of oysters are commonly consumed by humans, cooked or raw, the
latter being a delicacy. Some kinds of pearl oysters are harvested for the
pearl produced within the mantle. Windowpane oysters are harvested for
their translucent shells, which are used to make various kinds of
decorative objects.
Oysters are an excellent source of zinc, iron, calcium, and selenium, as
well as vitamin A and vitamin B12. Oysters are low in food energy one dozen
raw oysters contains 110 kilocalories (460 kJ). They are rich in protein
(approximately 9g in 100g of pacific oysters).
Traditionally, oysters are considered to be an aphrodisiac, partially
because they resemble female sex organs. A team of American and Italian
researchers analyzed bivalves and found they were rich in amino acids that
trigger increased levels of sex hormones. Their high zinc content aids the
production of testosterone.
Dietary supplements may contain calcium carbonate from oyster shells,
though no evidence shows this offers any benefits beyond what calcium may
offer'. .
[The Hankster says] Fried or baked, only, please. I don't want any Cajun sushi.
* 'Green Peppers Day'. . These are the sweet peppers like Bell Pepper.
- From Wikipedia (Bell pepper):
'Bell pepper (also known as sweet pepper or a pepper in the United
Kingdom, Canada and Ireland, and a capsicum in Australia, India, Pakistan,
Bangladesh, Singapore and New Zealand) is a cultivar group of the species
Capsicum annuum. Cultivars of the plant produce fruits in different colors,
including red, yellow, orange, green, chocolate/brown, vanilla/white, and
purple. Bell peppers are sometimes grouped with less pungent pepper
varieties as sweet peppers The ribs and seeds inside bell peppers may be
consumed, but some people find the taste to be bitter.
Peppers are native to Mexico, Central America, and northern South America.
In 1493, however, pepper seeds were imported to Spain, and from there
spread to other European, African, and Asian countries. Today, China is the
world's largest pepper producer, followed by Mexico and Indonesia.
Ideal growing conditions for bell peppers include warm soil, ideally 21 to
29 °C (70 to 84 °F), that is kept moist but not waterlogged. Bell peppers
are sensitive to an abundance of moisture and extreme temperatures.
Capsicum peppers are rich sources of antioxidants and vitamin C. The level
of carotene, like lycopene, is nine times higher in red peppers. Red
peppers have twice the vitamin C content of green peppers.
Red and green bell peppers are high in para-coumaric acid.
The characteristic aroma of green peppers is caused by
3-isoButyl-2-methoxypyrazine (IBMP). Its detection threshold in water is
estimated to be 2 ng/L. The same chemical is responsible for characteristic
Cabernet Sauvignon green note'.
[The Hankster says] Hot or sweet, bring 'um on.
* 'Braham Pie Day or Homemade Pie Day: . Braham, Minnesota.
<> Other holidays / celebrations
* 'National Underwear Day'.
Held in New York. It was created in 2003 by the online merchant Freshpair.
[The Hankster says] Underwear on the outside and outerwear on the inside. If I go to camp, does that mean I must put my initials on my jeans and shirt?
* 'Work Like a Dog Day'.
[The Hankster says] Work like one, then rest like one.
* 'International Traffic Light Day'.
One of the notable traffic light events. This one celebrates the 1914
installation of the first US traffic light in Cleveland OH, by the
American Traffic Signal Company. It had a red and green light and a buzzer
to warn of a light change. See more in the history section for 1914.
[The Hankster says] Found this one on the Internet: Wat did the traffic light say when it turned red. You would turn red also, if you had to change in front of everyone!
* 'Twins Day'.
Twins Days Festival in Twinsburg, Ohio.
[The Hankster says] Good, good.
<> Awareness / Observances:
o Health
* 'Tomboy Tools Day'. Annual event by Tomboy Tools, for charity .
o Animal and Pet:
* 'AVMA Annual Convention'. August 5-9. American Veterinary Medical
Association convention in San Antonio.
- From Wikipedia (American Veterinary Medical Association):
'The American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA), founded in 1863, is a
not-for-profit association representing more than 86,500 U.S. veterinarians
working in private and corporate practice, government, industry, academia,
and uniformed services.
The AVMA provides information resources, continuing education
opportunities, publications, and discounts on personal and professional
products, programs, and services. The AVMA indicates that it lobbies for
animal friendly legislation within a framework that supports the use of
animals for human purposes (e.g., food, fiber, research, companionship).
The United States Department of Education has designated the AVMA as the
accrediting body for the 30 schools of veterinary medicine in the United
States. In this capacity, the AVMA develops and maintains educational
standards for these institutions to ensure the qualifications and
competency of graduates of veterinary schools.
The AVMA publishes the Journal of the American Veterinary Medical
Association and the American Journal of Veterinary Research.
The AVMA's veterinary student organization is the Student American
Veterinary Medical Association (SAVMA)'.
<> Historical events on August 5
* 'In 1620, The Mayflower departs from Southampton, England on its first
attempt to reach North America with the ship Speedwell. The Speedwell had
problems with leaks and the Mayflower continued alone on Sept. 6 where it
departed Plymouth England on Sept 16, 1620. They were destined for the
Virginia Colonies, but navigation errors and storms altered that
destination.
- From Wikipedia: 'The Mayflower embarked about 65 passengers in London at
its homeport in the Rotherhithe district on the Thames about the middle of
July in 1620. She then proceeded down the Thames into the English Channel
and then on to the south coast to anchor at Southampton Water. There the
Mayflower waited for seven days for a rendezvous on July 22 with the
Speedwell, coming with Leiden church members from Delfshaven in Holland.
About August 5, the two ships set sail. The unseaworthy Speedwell sprang a
leak shortly after and the ships put into Dartmouth for repairs. After the
repairs, a new start was made. They were more than 200 miles beyond Land's
End at the southwestern tip of England when Speedwell sprang another leak.
Since it was now early September, they had no choice but to abandon the
Speedwell and make a determination on her passengers. This was a dire
event, as the ship had wasted vital funds and was considered very important
to the future success of their settlement in America. Soon after the
Mayflower continued on her voyage to America, Speedwell was sold, refitted,
and, according to Bradford, made many voyages…to the great profit of her
owners. Bradford later assumed that the Speedwell master Mr. Reynolds's
cunning and deceit (in causing what may have been 'man-made' leaks in the
ship) had been motivated by a fear of starving to death in America.
In addition to the 102 passengers, the officers and crew consisted of about
25–30 persons, bringing the total persons on board the Mayflower to
approximately 130.
In early September, western gales begin to make the North Atlantic a
dangerous place for sailing. The Mayflower's provisions, already quite low
when departing Southampton, became much less by delays of more than of a
month, and the passengers, having been aboard ship for all this time, were
quite worn out by then and in no condition for a very taxing lengthy
Atlantic journey cooped up in cramped spaces in a small ship. But on
September 6, 1620, the Mayflower sailed from Plymouth with what Bradford
called a prosperous wind'.
* 'In 1861, During the American Civil War, In order to help pay for the war
effort, the United States government levies the first income tax as part of
the Revenue Act of 1861. It was a 3% flat tax on income over $800 (a little
over $2,000 today, with a product purchase power of about $31.00 in
today's money. It was rescinded in 1872.
- From Wikipedia: 'The Revenue Act of 1861, formally cited as Act of August
5, 1861, Chap. XLV, 12 Stat. 292, included the first U.S. Federal income
tax statute. The Act, motivated by the need to fund the Civil War, imposed
an income tax to be levied, collected, and paid, upon the annual income of
every person residing in the United States, whether such income is derived
from any kind of property, or from any profession, trade, employment, or
vocation carried on in the United States or elsewhere, or from any other
source whatever The tax imposed was a flat tax, with a rate of 3% on
incomes above $800. The Revenue Act of 1861 was signed into law by Abraham
Lincoln. This Act introduced Federal income tax as a flat rate tax.
The income tax provision (Sections 49, 50 and 51 ) was repealed by the
Revenue Act of 1862. (See Sec.89 , which replaced the flat rate with a
progressive scale of 3% on annual incomes beyond $600 ($12,742 in 2009
dollars) and 5% on incomes above $10,000 ($212,369 in 2009 dollars) or
those living outside the U.S., and perhaps more significantly it was
explicitly temporary, specifying termination of income tax in the year
eighteen hundred and sixty-six.'
* 'In 1884, The cornerstone for the Statue of Liberty is laid on Bedloe's
Island (now Liberty Island) in New York Harbor. .
- From Wikipedia: 'On June 17, 1885, the French steamer Isère, laden with
the Statue of Liberty, reached the New York port safely. New Yorkers
displayed their new-found enthusiasm for the statue, as the French vessel
arrived with the crates holding the disassembled statue on board. Two
hundred thousand people lined the docks and hundreds of boats put to sea to
welcome the Isère. After five months of daily calls to donate to the
statue fund, on August 11, 1885, the World announced that $102,000 had been
raised from 120,000 donors, and that 80 percent of the total had been
received in sums of less than one dollar.
Even with the success of the fund drive, the pedestal was not completed
until April 1886. Immediately thereafter, reassembly of the statue began.
Eiffel's iron framework was anchored to steel I-beams within the concrete
pedestal and assembled. Once this was done, the sections of skin were
carefully attached. Due to the width of the pedestal, it was not possible
to erect scaffolding, and workers dangled from ropes while installing the
skin sections. Nevertheless, no one died during the construction. Bartholdi
had planned to put floodlights on the torch's balcony to illuminate it a
week before the dedication, the Army Corps of Engineers vetoed the
proposal, fearing that ships' pilots passing the statue would be blinded.
Instead, Bartholdi cut portholes in the torch—which was covered with gold
leaf—and placed the lights inside them. A power plant was installed on the
island to light the torch and for other electrical needs. After the skin
was completed, renowned landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted,
co-designer of New York's Central Park and Brooklyn's Prospect Park,
supervised a cleanup of Bedloe's Island in anticipation of the dedication'.
* 'In 1914, The First electric traffic light was installed at the corner of
Euclid Avenue and East 105th Street in Cleveland, Ohio. .
- From Wikipedia: 'On 9 December 1868, the first, non-electric, gas-lit
traffic lights were installed outside the Houses of Parliament in London to
control the traffic in Bridge Street, Great George Street and Parliament
Street. They were promoted by the railway engineer J. P. Knight and
constructed by the railway signal engineers of Saxby and Farmer. The design
combined three semaphore arms with red and green gas lamps for night-time
use, on a pillar, operated by a police constable. The gas lantern was
manually turned by a traffic police officer, with a lever at its base so
that the appropriate light faced traffic.
Although it was said to be successful at controlling traffic, its
operational life was brief. It exploded on 2 January 1869, as a result of a
leak in one of the gas lines underneath the sidewalk, injuring or killing
the policeman who was operating it. With doubts about its safety, the
concept was abandoned until electric signals became available.
An electric traffic light was developed in 1912 by Lester Wire, a policeman
in Salt Lake City, Utah, who also used red-green lights. On 5 August 1914,
the American Traffic Signal Company installed a traffic signal system on
the corner of East 105th Street and Euclid Avenue in Cleveland, Ohio. It
had two colors, red and green, and a buzzer, based on the design of James
Hoge, to provide a warning for color changes. The design by James Hoge
allowed police and fire stations to control the signals in case of
emergency. The first four-way, three-color traffic light was created by
police officer William Potts in Detroit, Michigan in 1920. Ashville, Ohio
claims to be the home of the oldest working traffic light in the United
States, used at an intersection of public roads from 1932 to 1982 when it
was moved to a local museum.
Los Angeles installed its first automated traffic signals in October 1920
at five locations on Broadway. These early signals, manufactured by the
Acme Traffic Signal Co., paired “Stop” and “Go” semaphore arms with small
red and green lights. Bells played the role of today's amber or yellow
lights, ringing when the flags changed—a process that took five seconds. By
1923 the city had installed 31 Acme traffic control devices. The Acme
semaphore traffic lights were often used in Warner Bros. Looney Tunes and
Merrie Melodies cartoons for comedic effect due to their loud bell.
The first interconnected traffic signal system was installed in Salt Lake
City in 1917, with six connected intersections controlled simultaneously
from a manual switch. Automatic control of interconnected traffic lights
was introduced March 1922 in Houston, Texas.
After witnessing an accident between an automobile and a horse-drawn
carriage, African American inventor, Garrett Morgan, became one of the
first to file a U.S. patent for a traffic signal. Patent No. 1,475,024 was
granted on November 20, 1923 for Morgan's three-position traffic signal -
the ancestor of today's yellow warning light position commonly seen around
the world today.
The first traffic lights in Britain were deployed in Piccadilly Circus in
1926. Outside of London, Wolverhampton was the first British town to
introduce automated traffic lights in 1927 in Princes Square at the
junction of Lichfield Street and Princess Street.
Melbourne was the first city in Australia to install traffic lights in 1928
on the intersection of Collins and Swanston Street.
Toronto, Ontario was the first city to computerize its entire traffic
signal system, which it accomplished in 1963.
Countdown timers on traffic lights were introduced in the 1990s. Timers are
useful for pedestrians, to plan whether there is enough time to cross the
intersection before the end of the walk phase, and for drivers, to know the
amount of time before the light turns green. In the United States, timers
for vehicle traffic are prohibited, but pedestrian timers are now required
on new or upgraded signals on wider roadways'.
* 'In 1914, During World War I, the guns of Point Nepean fort at Port
Phillip Heads in Victoria (Australia) fire across the bows of the
Norddeutscher Lloyd steamer SS Pfalz which is attempting to leave the Port
of Melbourne in ignorance of the declaration of war and she is detained.
This is said to be the first Allied (British Empire) shot of the War.
- From Wikipedia: 'The Pfalz was a 6,557 ton cargo steamer operated by
German shipping company Norddeutscher Lloyd. The ship became the target of
the first shot fired by Australian forces in World War I, soon after
departing the Port of Melbourne in Australia.
The ship departed Victoria Dock in Melbourne on 5 August 1914, with
Williamstown-based pilot Captain Montgomery Robinson aboard. As the ship
passed Portsea it was momentarily stopped by the SS Alvina but allowed to
proceed.
Just before the ship approached Port Phillip heads, the Royal Australian
Garrison Artillery stationed at Fort Nepean was informed of the declaration
of war with Germany, and had received an order to stop her or sink her
Signals were hoisted, commanding the ship to halt. As the warning had no
effect, a shot was fired across the bow of the ship from one of the fort's
6 inch Mk VII guns. This was the first British Empire shot of the war.
The pilot convinced the ship's master that a second round would likely be
directed at the ship itself, and the ship was turned around. The ship was
taken back to Portsea where the crew was placed under arrest'.
* 'In 1924, The comic strip 'Little Orphan Annie' by Harold Gray debuts. .
- From Wikipedia: 'Little Orphan Annie was a daily American comic strip
created by Harold Gray (1894–1968) and syndicated by the Tribune Media
Services. The strip took its name from the 1885 poem Little Orphant Annie
by James Whitcomb Riley, and made its debut on August 5, 1924 in the New
York Daily News. It ranked number one in popularity in a Fortune poll in
1937.
The plot follows the wide-ranging adventures of Annie, her dog Sandy and
her benefactor Oliver Daddy Warbucks. Secondary characters include Punjab,
the Asp and Mr. Am. The strip attracted adult readers with political
commentary that targeted (among other things) organized labor, the New Deal
and communism.
Following Gray's death in 1968, several artists drew the strip and, for a
time, classic strips were reruns. Little Orphan Annie inspired a radio show
in 1930, film adaptations by RKO in 1932 and Paramount in 1938 and a
Broadway musical Annie in 1977 (which was adapted into a film of the same
name three times, one in 1982, one in 1999 and another in 2014). The
strip's popularity declined over the years it was running in only 20
newspapers when it was cancelled on June 13, 2010. The characters now
appear occasionally as supporting ones in Dick Tracy'.
* 'In 1926, The first full length sound movie 'Don Juan', is released at
Warner Theater, NY. This film uses the Vitaphone sound system. It had
synchronized music and sound effects, but no dialog. The 'Jazz Singer' in
1927 was another WB Vitaphone film, but was the first to have synchronized
dialog (the first talkie). film was one half silent and one half sound.'
- From Wikipedia: 'Don Juan is a 1926 American romantic adventure/drama
film directed by Alan Crosland. It is the first feature-length film to
utilize the Vitaphone sound-on-disc sound system with a synchronized
musical score and sound effects, though it has no spoken dialogue. The film
is inspired by Lord Byron's 1821 epic poem of the same name. The screenplay
was written by Bess Meredyth with intertitles by Maude Fulton and Walter
Anthony.
Don Juan stars John Barrymore as the hand-kissing womanizer. The film has
the most kisses in film history, with Barrymore kissing (all together) Mary
Astor and Estelle Taylor 127 times.
In the prologue, Don José, warned of his wife's infidelity, seals his
wife's lover alive in his hiding place and drives her from the castle
abandoned to his lust, he is stabbed by his last mistress, and with his
dying words he implores his son, Don Juan, to take all from women but yield
nothing. Ten years later, young Don Juan, a graduate of the University of
Pisa, is famous as a lover and pursued by many women, including the
powerful Lucrezia Borgia, who invites him to her ball. His contempt for her
incites her hatred of Adriana, the daughter of the Duke Della Varnese, with
whom he is enraptured and Lucrezia plots to marry her to Count Giano
Donati, one of the Borgia henchmen, and poison the duke. Don Juan
intervenes and thwarts the scheme, winning the love of Adriana, but the
Borgia declare war on the duke's kinsmen, offering them safety if Adriana
marries Donati Don Juan is summoned to the wedding, but he prefers death to
marriage with Lucrezia. He escapes and kills Donati in a duel. The lovers
are led to the death-tower, but while Adriana pretends suicide, he escapes
and following a series of battles, he defeats his pursuers and is united
with Adriana'.
* 'In 1953, 'From Here to Eternity' based on a book by James Jones,
directed by Fred Zinnemann and starring Burt Lancaster, Montgomery Clift
and Frank Sinatra is released (Best Picture 1954). .
- From Wikipedia: 'From Here to Eternity is a 1953 drama film directed by
Fred Zinnemann and based on the novel of the same name by James Jones. The
picture deals with the tribulations of three U.S. Army soldiers, played by
Burt Lancaster, Montgomery Clift, and Frank Sinatra, stationed on Hawaii in
the months leading up to the attack on Pearl Harbor. Deborah Kerr and Donna
Reed portray the women in their lives and the supporting cast includes
Ernest Borgnine, Philip Ober, Jack Warden, Mickey Shaughnessy, Claude
Akins, and George Reeves.
The film won eight Academy Awards out of 13 nominations, including for
Picture, Best Director (Fred Zinnemann), Adapted Screenplay, Supporting
Actor (Frank Sinatra) and Supporting Actress (Donna Reed). The film's title
comes originally from a quote from Rudyard Kipling's 1892 poem
Gentlemen-Rankers, about soldiers of the British Empire who had lost way
and were damned from here to eternity.
From Here to Eternity was selected in 2002 for preservation in the National
Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being culturally, historically,
or aesthetically significant'.
* 'In 1957, American Bandstand debuts on ABC T. Dick Clark was the second
host. .
- From Wikipedia: 'American Bandstand is an American music-performance show
that aired in various versions from 1952 to 1989 and was hosted from 1956
until its final season by Dick Clark, who also served as producer. The show
featured teenagers dancing to Top 40 music introduced by Clark at least one
popular musical act—over the decades, running the gamut from Jerry Lee
Lewis to Run DMC—would usually appear in person to lip-sync one of their
latest singles. Freddy Boom Boom Cannon holds the record for most
appearances at 110.
The show's popularity helped Dick Clark become an American media mogul and
inspired similar long-running music programs, such as Soul Train and Top of
the Pops. Clark eventually assumed ownership of the program through his
Dick Clark Productions company.
American Bandstand premiered locally in late March 1950 as Bandstand on
Philadelphia television station WFIL-TV Channel 6 (now WPVI-TV), as a
replacement for a weekday movie that had shown predominantly British films.
Hosted by Bob Horn as a television adjunct to his radio show of the same
name on WFIL radio, Bandstand mainly featured short musical films produced
by Snader Telescriptions and Official Films, with occasional studio guests.
This incarnation was an early predecessor of sorts of the music video shows
that became popular in the 1980s, featuring films that are themselves the
ancestors of music videos.
Horn, however, was disenchanted with the program, so he wanted to have the
show changed to a dance program, with teenagers dancing along on camera as
the records played, based on an idea that came from a radio show on WPEN,
The 950 Club, hosted by Joe Grady and Ed Hurst. This more-familiar version
of Bandstand debuted on October 7, 1952 in Studio 'B', which was located in
their just-completed addition to the original 1947 building in West
Philadelphia (4548 Market Street), and was hosted by Horn, with Lee Stewart
as co-host until 1955. Stewart was the owner of a TV/Radio business in
Philadelphia and even though he was an older gentleman, his advertising
account was a large one for WFIL-TV at the time and was put on the program
to appease the account. As WFIL grew financially and the account became
less important, Stewart wasn't needed and was eventually dropped from the
program. Tony Mammarella was the original producer with Ed Yates as
director. The short Snader and Official music films continued in the short
term, mainly to fill gaps as they changed dancers during the show—a
necessity, as the studio could not fit more than 200 teenagers.
On July 9, 1956, Horn was fired after a drunk-driving arrest, as WFIL and
dual owner Walter Annenberg's The Philadelphia Inquirer at the time were
doing a series on drunken driving. He was also reportedly involved in a
prostitution ring and brought up on morals charges. Horn was temporarily
replaced by producer Tony Mammarella before the job went to Dick Clark
permanently.
In late spring of 1956, the ABC television network asked their O and O's
and affiliates for programming suggestions to fill their 3:30 p.m. (ET)
time slot (WFIL had been pre-empting the ABC programming with Bandstand).
Clark decided to pitch the show to ABC president Thomas W. Moore, and after
some badgering the show was picked up nationally, becoming American
Bandstand on August 5, 1957. One show from this first season (December 18,
1957, indicated as the Second National Telecast) is now in the archives of
Chicago's Museum Of Broadcast Communications.
Studio 'B' measured 80'x42'x24', but appeared smaller due to the number of
props, television cameras, and risers that were used for the show. It was
briefly shot in color in 1958 when WFIL-TV began experimenting with the
then-new technology. Due to a combination of factors that included the size
of the studio, the need to have as much space available for the teenagers
to dance, and the size of the color camera compared to the black-and-white
models, it was only possible to have one RCA TK-41 where three RCA TK-10s
had been used before. WFIL went back to the TK-10s two weeks later when ABC
refused to carry the color signal and management realized that the show
lost something without the extra cameras'.
* ' In 1963, The Nuclear Test Ban Treaty was signed. by the Soviet Union,
Great Britain and the US. When it expired, testing resumed.
- From Wikipedia: 'The Partial Test Ban Treaty (PTBT) is the abbreviated
name of the Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer
Space and Under Water, which prohibited all test detonations of nuclear
weapons except for those conducted underground. It was developed both to
slow the arms race (nuclear testing was, at the time, seen as necessary for
continued advancements in nuclear weapons) and to stop the excessive
release of nuclear fallout into the planet's atmosphere. It is also
abbreviated as the Limited Test Ban Treaty (LTBT) and Nuclear Test Ban
Treaty (NTBT), though the latter may also refer to the Comprehensive
Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). Upon its signing in 1996, the CTBT became
the successor to the PTBT.
The PTBT was signed by the governments of the Soviet Union (represented by
Andrei Gromyko), the United Kingdom (represented by Alec Douglas-Home), and
the United States (represented by Dean Rusk) in Moscow on August 5, 1963,
before being opened for signature by other countries. The treaty was
ratified by the U.S. Senate on 24 September 1963 by a vote of 80 to 19 and
went into effect on 10 October 1963'.
* 'In 1969, The Mariner 7 makes its closest fly-by of Mars (3,524
kilometers). .
- From Wikipedia: 'The Mariner program was a program conducted by the
American space agency NASA in conjunction with Jet Propulsion Laboratory
(JPL) that launched a series of robotic interplanetary probes designed to
investigate Mars, Venus and Mercury from 1962 to 1973. The program included
a number of firsts, including the first planetary flyby, the first
planetary orbiter, and the first gravity assist maneuver.
Of the ten vehicles in the Mariner series, seven were successful. The
planned Mariner Jupiter-Saturn vehicles evolved into Voyager 1 and Voyager
2 of the Voyager program, while the Viking 1 and Viking 2 Mars orbiters
were enlarged versions of the Mariner 9 spacecraft. Other Mariner-based
spacecraft, launched since Voyager, included the Magellan probe to Venus,
and the Galileo probe to Jupiter. A second-generation Mariner spacecraft,
called the Mariner Mark II series, eventually evolved into the
Cassini–Huygens probe, now in orbit around Saturn.
The total cost of the Mariner program was approximately $554 million.
Mariners 6 and 7 were identical teammates in a two-spacecraft mission to
Mars. Mariner 6 was launched on February 24, 1969, followed by Mariner 7 on
March 21, 1969. They flew over the equator and southern hemisphere of the
planet Mars'.
* 'In 2002, The USS Monitor's Turret is recovered by divers. .
- From Wikipedia: 'The USS Monitor was an iron-hulled steamship. Built
during the American Civil War, she was the first ironclad warship
commissioned by the Union Navy. Monitor is most famous for her central role
in the Battle of Hampton Roads on 9 March 1862, where, under the command of
Lieutenant John Worden, she fought the casemate ironclad CSS Virginia
(built on the hull of the former steam frigate USS Merrimack) to a
standstill. The unique design of the ship, distinguished by its revolving
turret which was designed by American inventor Theodore Timby, was quickly
duplicated and established the Monitor type of warship.
After the Confederates were forced to destroy Virginia as they withdrew in
early May, Monitor sailed up the James River to support the Union Army
during the Peninsula Campaign. The ship participated in the Battle of
Drewry's Bluff later that month and remained in the area giving support to
General McClellan's forces on land until she was ordered to join the
blockaders off North Carolina in December. On her way there she foundered
while under tow, during a storm off Cape Hatteras on the last day of the
year. Monitor's wreck was discovered in 1973 and has been partially
salvaged. Her guns, gun turret, engine and other relics are on display at
the Mariners' Museum in Newport News, Virginia'.
No. 1 song
Top movie
Monthly holiday / awareness days in August
Food
National Catfish Month
National Goat Cheese Month
Rye Month
Health
Children's Eye Health and Safety Month
Children's Vision and Learning Month
National Breastfeeding Month
National Immunization Awareness Month
National Minority Donor Awareness Month
National Spinal Muscular Atrophy Awareness Month
Neurosurgery Outreach Month
Psoriasis Awareness Month
Animal / Pets
Other
American Adventures Month
American Artists Appreciation Month
American Indian Heritage Month
American History Essay Contest
Black Business Month
Boomers Making A Difference Month
Bystander Awareness Month
Child Support Awareness Month
Get Ready for Kindergarten Month
Happiness Happens Month
Motor Sports Awareness Month
National Read A Romance Month
National Traffic Awareness Month
National Truancy Prevention Month
National Water Quality Month
Shop Online For Groceries Month
What Will Be Your Legacy Month
XXXI Summer Olympics: 5-21
August is:
August origin (from Wikipedia): Originally named Sextili (Latin), because it was the sixth month in the original ten-month Roman calendar: under Romulus in 753 BC, when March was the first month of the year.
"About 700 BC it became the eighth month when January and February were added to the year before March by King Numa Pompilius, who also gave it 29 days. Julius Caesar added two days when he created the Julian calendar in 45 BC giving it its modern length of 31 days. In 8 BC it was renamed in honor of Augustus
According to a Senatus consultum quoted by Macrobius, he chose this month because it was the time of several of his great triumphs, including the conquest of Egypt.
"
August at Wikipedia: More
If you couldn't afford 90 cents for a movie ticket, 50 years ago,
or your 45 RPM record player was broke, you might watch one of these shows on TV.
From this Wikipedia article: More
Best selling books of 1966 More
Sites for downloading or reading free Public Domain eBooks. Available in various formats. More