<> Tomorrow's food holidays(s):
* 'National Cheesecake Day'.
- From Wikipedia (Cheesecake):
'Cheesecake is a sweet dessert consisting of one or more layers. The main,
and thickest layer, consists of a mixture of soft, fresh cheese (typically
cream cheese or ricotta), eggs, and sugar if there is a bottom layer it
often consists of a crust or base made from crushed cookies (or digestive
biscuits), graham crackers, pastry, or sponge cake. It may be baked or
unbaked (usually refrigerated). Cheesecake is usually sweetened with sugar
and may be flavored or topped with fruit, whipped cream, nuts, cookies,
fruit sauce, and/or chocolate syrup. Cheesecake can be prepared in many
flavors, such as strawberry, pumpkin, key lime, chocolate, Oreo, chestnut,
or toffee.
An ancient form of cheesecake may have been a popular dish in ancient
Greece even prior to Romans' adoption of it with the conquest of Greece.
The earliest attested mention of a cheesecake is by the Greek physician
Aegimus, who wrote a book on the art of making cheesecakes. The earliest
extant cheesecake recipes are found in Cato the Elder's De Agri Cultura,
which includes recipes for two cakes for religious uses: libum and
placenta. Of the two, placenta is most like most modern cheesecakes, having
a crust that is separately prepared and baked.
A more modern version is found in Forme of Cury, an English cookbook from
1390. On this basis, chef Heston Blumenthal has argued that cheesecake is
an English invention.
Modern commercial American cream cheese was developed in 1872, when William
Lawrence, from Chester, New York, while looking for a way to recreate the
soft, French cheese Neufchâtel, accidentally came up with a way of making
an .unripened cheese. that is heavier and creamier other dairymen came up
with similar creations independently.
Modern cheesecake comes in two different types. Along with the baked
cheesecake, some cheesecakes are made with uncooked cream-cheese on a
crumbled-biscuit base. This type of cheesecake was invented in America'.
[The Hankster says] Make mine strawberry or blueberry with gram cracker crust.
<> Other holidays / celebrations
* 'National Father-in-Law Day'.
Mother-in-Laws will have to wait until the forth Sunday in October.
- From Wikipedia (Parent-in-law):
'A father-in-law is the father of a person's spouse. Two men who are
fathers-in-law to each other's children may be called co-fathers-in-law,
or, if there are grandchildren, co-grandfathers'.
* 'Paperback Book Day'.
Birthday of Penguin Books in 1935. See more in the history section for
1935.
* 'National Dance Day in the USA'.
Last Saturday in July. Created by Nigel Lythgoe of 'So You Think You Can
Dance'.
<> Awareness / Observances:
o Other:
* 'World Day against Trafficking in Persons'. A United Nations observance
since 2013.
- From Wikipedia (Human trafficking):
'Human trafficking is the trade of humans, most commonly for the purpose of
sexual slavery, forced labor, or commercial sexual exploitation for the
trafficker or others. This may encompass providing a spouse in the context
of forced marriage, or the extraction of organs or tissues, including for
surrogacy and ova removal. Human trafficking can occur within a country or
trans-nationally. Human trafficking is a crime against the person because
of the violation of the victim's rights of movement through coercion and
because of their commercial exploitation. Human trafficking is the trade in
people, and does not necessarily involve the movement of the person from
one place to another.
Human trafficking generated an estimated $7 billion to $9.5 billion per
annum as of 2004. Human trafficking is thought to be one of the
fastest-growing activities of trans-national criminal organizations.
Human trafficking is condemned as a violation of human rights by
international conventions. In addition, human trafficking is subject to a
directive in the European Union'.
* 'International Day of Friendship'. Sonce July 2011, by the United Nations
General Assembly. .
<> Historical events on July 30
* 'In 1932, The premiere of Walt Disney's 'Flowers and Trees', was the
first cartoon using Technicolor and the first Academy Award winning cartoon
short. .
- From Wikipedia: 'Flowers and Trees is a 1932 Silly Symphonies cartoon
produced by Walt Disney, directed by Burt Gillett, and released to theatres
by United Artists on July 18, 1932. It was the first commercially released
film to be produced in the full-color three-strip Technicolor process after
several years of two-color Technicolor films.
Flowers and Trees was already in production as a black-and-white cartoon
before Disney saw Herbert Kalmus' three-strip Technicolor tests. Deciding
that Flowers and Trees would make a perfect test for the process, he had
the black-and-white footage scrapped and the short redone in color. The
color Flowers and Trees was a commercial and critical success, winning the
first Academy Award for Animated Short Subjects.
As a result of the success of Flowers and Trees, all future Silly
Symphonies cartoons were produced in three-strip Technicolor. The added
novelty of color helped to boost the series' previously disappointing
returns. Disney's other cartoon series, the Mickey Mouse shorts, were
deemed successful enough not to need the extra boost of color, remaining in
black-and-white until The Band Concert (1935).
Disney's exclusive contract with Technicolor, in effect until the end of
1935, forced other animators such as Ub Iwerks and Max Fleischer to use
Technicolor's inferior two-color process or a competing two-color system
such as Cinecolor'.
* 'In 1935, The first Penguin book is published, starting the paperback
revolution. .
- From Wikipedia: 'The first Penguin paperbacks were published in 1935, but
at first only as an imprint of The Bodley Head (of Vigo Street) with the
books originally distributed from the crypt of Holy Trinity Church
Marylebone. Only paperback editions were published until the King Penguin
series debuted in 1939, and latterly the Pelican History of Art was
undertaken: these were unsuitable as paperbacks because of the length and
copious illustrations on art paper so cloth bindings were chosen instead.
Penguin Books has its registered office in the City of Westminster, London,
England.
Anecdotally, Lane recounted how it was his experience with the poor quality
of reading material on offer at Exeter train station that inspired him to
create cheap, well designed quality books for the mass market. However the
question of how publishers could reach a larger public had been the subject
of a conference at Rippon Hall, Oxford in 1934 at which Lane had been an
attendee. Though the publication of literature in paperback was then
associated mainly with poor quality lurid fiction, the Penguin brand owed
something to the short-lived Albatross imprint of British and American
reprints that briefly traded in 1932. Inexpensive paperbacks did not
initially appear viable to Bodley Head, since the deliberately low price of
6d. made profitability seem unlikely. This helped Allen Lane purchase
publication rights for some works more cheaply than he otherwise might have
done since other publishers were convinced of the short term prospects of
the business. In the face of resistance from the traditional book trade it
was the purchase of 63,000 books by Woolworth that paid for the project
outright, confirmed its worth and allowed Lane to establish Penguin as a
separate business in 1936. By March 1936, ten months after the company's
launch on 30 July 1935, one million Penguin books had been printed. This
early flush of success brought expansion and the appointment of Eunice
Frost, first as a secretary then as editor and ultimately as a director,
who was to have a pivotal influence in shaping the company. It was Frost
who in 1945 was entrusted with the reconstruction of Penguin Inc after the
departure of its first managing director Ian Ballantine. Penguin Inc had
been incorporated in 1939 in order to satisfy US copyright law, and had
enjoyed some success under its vice president Kurt Enoch with such titles
as What Plane Is That and The New Soldier Handbook despite being a late
entrant into an already well established paperback market.
From the outset, design was essential to the success of the Penguin brand.
Eschewing the illustrated gaudiness of other paperback publishers, Penguin
opted for the simple appearance of three horizontal bands, the upper and
lower of which were colour-coded according to which series the title
belonged to this is sometimes referred to as the horizontal grid. In the
central white panel, the author and title were printed in Gill Sans and in
the upper band was a cartouche with the legend Penguin Books The initial
design was created by the then 21-year-old office junior Edward Young, who
also drew the first version of the Penguin logo. Series such as Penguin
Specials and The Penguin Shakespeare had individual designs (by 1937 only
S1 and B1-B18 had been published).
The colour schemes included: orange and white for general fiction, green
and white for crime fiction, cerise and white for travel and adventure,
dark blue and white for biographies, yellow and white for miscellaneous,
red and white for drama and the rarer purple and white for essays and
belles lettres and grey and white for world affairs. Lane actively resisted
the introduction of cover images for several years. Some recent
publications of literature from that time have duplicated the original
look.
From 1937 and on, the headquarters of Penguin Books was at Harmondsworth
west of London and so it remained until the 1990s when a merge with Viking
involved the head office moving to London'.
* 'In 1942, FDR signs bill creating women's Navy auxiliary agency (WAVES).
.
- From Wikipedia: 'The United States Naval Reserve (Women's Reserve),
better known under the acronym WAVES for Women Accepted for Volunteer
Emergency Service, was the World War II women's branch of the United States
Naval Reserve. It was established on 21 July 1942 by the U.S. Congress and
signed into law by the president on 30 July 1942. This authorized the U.S.
Navy to accept women into the Naval Reserve as commissioned officers and at
the enlisted level, effective for the duration of the war plus six months.
The purpose of the law was to release officers and men for sea duty and
replace them with women in shore activities. Mildred H. McAfee became the
first director of the WAVES. She was commissioned a lieutenant commander in
the Navy on 3 August 1942, and was the first woman commissioned as an
officer in the U.S. Naval Reserve (she was later promoted to commander and
then to captain). McAfee, on leave as President of Wellesley College, was
an experienced educator and highly respected in her field.
The notion of women serving in the Navy was not widely supported in the
Congress or by the Navy, although some members did support the need for
uniformed women during wartime. Nonetheless, the persistence of several
women laid the groundwork for success. The Women's Armed Services
Integration Act allowing women to serve in the Navy became a reality, in
large measure, through the efforts of the Navy's Women's Advisory Council,
Margaret Chung, and Eleanor Roosevelt, the First Lady of the United States
who would later become the United States Representative to the United
Nations Commission on Human Rights.
The age for officer candidates was between 20 and 49, with a college
degree, or two years of college and two years of equivalent professional or
business experience. The enlisted age requirements were between 20 and 35,
with a high school or business diploma, or equivalent experience. WAVES
were primarily white, but 72 African-American women did eventually serve on
a fully integrated basis. The Navy's indoctrination of most WAVE officer
candidates took place at Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, and was
designated the U.S. Naval Reserve Midshipmen's School. Specialized training
for officers was held on several college campuses and at various naval
facilities. Most enlisted members received recruit training at Hunter
College, in The Bronx, which became the U.S. Naval Training Center (WR).
After recruit training, some women attended specialized training courses on
college campuses and at naval facilities.
WAVES served at 900 shore stations in the United States, to include Alaska,
Hawaii, and Puerto Rico and many entered fields previously held by men. As
general line officers, Officer WAVES initially served in administrative and
support roles, although many later served as attorneys (the Navy's JAG
Corps was not established until 1967) and engineers. Many enlisted women
became aviation mechanics, aerographers, air traffic controllers, parachute
riggers, hospital corpsmen and radiomen, but most worked in the
administrative/clerical and supply fields such as yeomen, personnelmen,
disbursing clerks and storekeepers. The WAVES' peak strength was 86,291
members.
The WAVES left behind a legacy of accomplishment. Upon demobilization,
accolades came from many sources. The Secretary of the Navy, James
Forrestal, Fleet Admiral Ernest King, and Fleet Admiral Chester Nimitz all
commended the WAVES for their contributions to the war effort'.
* 'In 1962, The Trans-Canada Highway, the largest national highway in the
world, is officially opened (East to West, Ocean to ocean). .
- From Wikipedia: 'The Trans-Canada Highway (French: Route Transcanadienne)
is a transcontinental federal-provincial highway system that travels
through all ten provinces of Canada between its Pacific Ocean and Atlantic
Ocean coasts to the west and east respectively. It is, along with the
Trans-Siberian Highway and Australia's Highway 1, one of the world's
longest national highways, with the main route spanning 8,030 km (4,990
mi). The system was approved by the Trans-Canada Highway Act of 1949, with
construction commencing in 1950. The highway officially opened in 1962, and
was completed in 1971. Upon its original completion, the Trans-Canada
Highway was the most lengthy uninterrupted highway in the world. The
highway system is recognizable by its distinctive white-on-green maple leaf
route markers.
Throughout much of Canada, there are at least two routes designated as part
of the Trans-Canada Highway (TCH). For example, in the western provinces,
both the main Trans-Canada route and the Yellowhead Highway are part of the
Trans-Canada system. Although the TCH does not enter any of Canada's three
northern territories, the Trans-Canada Highway forms part of Canada's
overall National Highway System, providing connections to the Northwest
Territories, Yukon and the Canada–US border where connections can be made
to the United States.
In 2012, a series of free public electric vehicle charging stations were
installed along the main route of the highway by a private company, Sun
Country Highway, permitting electric vehicle travel across the entire
length, as demonstrated by the company's president in a publicity trip in a
Tesla Roadster. As of 2012 this made it the longest electric vehicle ready
highway in the world'.
* 'In 1965, President Johnson signs into law a medical insurance plan,
'Medicare'. It would be financed through a social security tax. .
- From Wikipedia: 'In the United States, Medicare is a national social
insurance program, administered by the U.S. federal government since 1966,
currently using about 30 private insurance companies across the United
States. Medicare provides health insurance for Americans aged 65 and older
who have worked and paid into the system. It also provides health insurance
to younger people with disabilities, end stage renal disease and
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
In 2010, Medicare provided health insurance to 48 million Americans—40
million people age 65 and older and eight million younger people with
disabilities. It was the primary payer for an estimated 15.3 million
inpatient stays in 2011, representing 47.2 percent ($182.7 billion) of
total aggregate inpatient hospital costs in the United States. Medicare
serves a large population of elderly and disabled individuals. On average,
Medicare covers about half (48 percent) of the health care charges for
those enrolled. The enrollees must then cover the remaining approved
charges either with supplemental insurance or with another form of
out-of-pocket coverage. Out-of-pocket costs can vary depending on the
amount of health care a Medicare enrollee needs. They might include
uncovered services—such as long-term, dental, hearing, and vision care—and
the supplemental insurance.
The Specialty Society Relative Value Scale Update Committee (or Relative
Value Update Committee RUC), composed of physicians associated with the
American Medical Association, advises the government about pay standards
for Medicare patient procedures, according to news reports'.
* 'In 1971, Apollo Program: Apollo 15 Mission - David Scott and James Irwin
on the Apollo Lunar Module Falcon land on the Moon with the first Lunar
Rover. .
- From Wikipedia: Apollo 15 was the ninth manned mission in the United
States' Apollo program, the fourth to land on the Moon, and the eighth
successful manned mission. It was the first of what were termed J missions,
long stays on the Moon, with a greater focus on science than had been
possible on previous missions. It was also the first mission on which the
Lunar Roving Vehicle was used.
'Most of the first part of the day after arriving in lunar orbit on July 30
was spent in preparing the Lunar Module for descent to the lunar surface
later on that day. When preparations were complete, un-docking from the CSM
was attempted it did not occur, because of a faulty seal in the hatch
mechanism. The Command Module Pilot, Alfred Worden, re-sealed the hatch the
LM then separated from the CSM. David Scott and James Irwin continued
preparations for the descent while Worden remained in the CSM, returning to
a higher orbit to perform lunar observations and await his crewmates'
return a few days later.
Soon, Scott and Irwin began the descent to the Hadley landing site. Several
minutes after descent was initiated, at pitch-over and the beginning of the
approach phase of the landing, the LM was six kilometers east of the
pre-selected landing target. On learning this, Scott altered the flight
path of the LM. They touched down at 22:16:29 UTC on July 30 at Hadley,
within a few hundred meters of the planned landing site. One of the legs of
the LM landed in a small crater so the module was tilted by 10° – the
maximum acceptable was 15°. While previous crews had exited the Lunar
Module shortly after landing, the crew of Apollo 15 elected to spend the
rest of the day inside the LM, waiting until the next day to perform the
first of three EVAs, or moonwalks, in order to preserve their sleep rhythm
on a mission on which they were to spend a significantly longer time on the
surface than previous crews had spent. Before they slept, Scott performed a
stand-up EVA, during which the LM was depressurized and he photographed
their surroundings from the top docking hatch'.
* 'In 2003, In Mexico, the last 'old style' Volkswagen Beetle rolls off the
assembly line. .
No. 1 song
Top movie
Monthly holiday / awareness days in July
Food
National Blueberries Month
National Grilling Month
National Honey Month
National Ice Cream Month
National Horseradish Month
National Hot Dog Month
Wheat Month
Health
Alopecia Month for Women
Bereaved Parents Awareness Month
Eye Injury Prevention Month
Hemochromatosis Screening Awareness Month
International Group B Strep Awareness Month
International Women with Alopecia Month
International Zine Month
Juvenille Arthritis Awareness Month
National Black Family Month
National Cleft and Craniofacial Awareness and Prevention Month
National Cord Blood Awareness Month
National Minority Mental Health Awareness Month
Social Wellness Month
Animal / Pets
National 'Doghouse Repairs' Month
Other
Bioterrorism/Disaster Education and Awareness Month
Cell Phone Courtesy Month
Family Golf Month
Independent Retailer Month
National Child-Centered Divorce Month
National Make A Difference to Children Month
National Parks and Recreation Month
National Vacation Rental Month
Smart Irrigation Month
Tour de France Month
Women's Motorcycle Month
July is:
July origin (from Wikipedia): Named by the Roman Senate in honor of Julius Caesar.
"is the seventh month of the year (between June
and August) in the Julian and Gregorian Calendars and one of seven months
with the length of 31 days. It was named by the Roman Senate in honor of
the Roman general, Julius Caesar, it being the month of his birth. Prior
to that, it was called Quintilis. It is, on average, the warmest month in
most of the Northern hemisphere (where it is the second month of summer)
and the coldest month in much of the Southern hemisphere (where it
is the second month of winter). The second half of the year commences in
July. In the Southern hemisphere, July is the seasonal equivalent of
January in the Northern hemisphere."
July at Wikipedia: More
If you couldn't afford 90 cents for a movie ticket, 50 years ago,
or your 45 RPM record player was broke, you might watch one of these shows on TV.
From this Wikipedia article: More
Best selling books of 1966 More
Sites for downloading or reading free Public Domain eBooks. Available in various formats. More